Essential Features That Should Be Mandated in GDL Systems
| 1. A learner-permit phase that starts no earlier than 16 y of age and lasts at least 6 mo |
| 2. A minimum of 30 h (preferably 50 h) of adult-supervised, on-road driving during the permit stage (at least 5–10 of these supervised practice hours should be at night) |
| 3. A provisional (intermediate) stage, with restrictions, that lasts until 18 y of age |
| 4. A nighttime driving restriction (9:00 pm to 5:00 am until driving with provisional license for 6 mo, followed by a midnight to 5:00 am restriction until 18 y of age) |
| 5. Passenger limits (unless supervised by an adult) |
| a. First 6 mo with provisional license: no teenaged passengers |
| b. Until 18 y of age: no more than 1 teenaged passenger |
| 6. Prompt imposition of fines, remedial driver classes, or license suspension for violation of passenger or curfew restrictions |
| 7. Use of safety belts and appropriate child restraints by all occupants |
| 8. No cellular phone use while in the provisional stage |
| 9. Zero tolerance for alcohol and provisions for administrative license revocation for drunk driving, excessive speeding, or reckless driving |
| 10. Documented safe driving record before full licensure is granted |
It is suggested that states also consider a requirement for additional supervised driver experience/education (focused on hazard recognition and risk avoidance) during the provisional stage and a requirement for an additional on-road test to graduate from provisional to full licensure.