Relation Between Exposure to Movie Smoking and Adolescent Smoking Initiation
Risk Factor | Association With Smoking Initiation | |
---|---|---|
Crude OR* | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | |
Quartiles of movie smoking exposure | ||
First | Reference | Reference |
Second | 2.9* | 1.7 (1.1, 2.6) |
Third | 5.5* | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) |
Fourth | 12.6* | 2.6 (1.7, 4.1) |
Age, y | ||
10 | Reference | Reference |
11 | 3.0* | 2.5 (1.4, 4.5) |
12 | 5.2* | 3.2 (1.8, 5.7) |
13 | 11.0* | 4.4 (2.6, 7.6) |
14 | 19.7* | 6.3 (3.7, 10.7) |
Gender | ||
Male | Reference | Reference |
Female | 0.9 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
Race | ||
White | Reference | Reference |
Hispanic | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) |
Black | 1.2 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) |
Other | 1.2 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) |
Parent education | ||
High school graduate or less | Reference | Reference |
Some college, vocational/technical, or associates degree | 0.7* | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) |
Bachelors, graduate, or professional degree | 0.4* | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) |
Peer smoking | ||
No | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 10.6* | 3.3 (2.6, 4.2) |
Parent smoking | ||
No | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 3.1* | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3) |
Sibling smoking | ||
No | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 4.3* | 2.3 (1.8, 2.9) |
School performance | ||
Excellent | Reference | Reference |
Good | 1.9* | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) |
Average/below average | 3.8* | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) |
Sensation seeking‡ | 1.4* | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
Rebelliousness‡ | 1.3* | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) |
Self-esteem‡ | 0.8* | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
Parenting: style-demandingness‡ | 0.9* | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
Parenting: style-responsiveness‡ | 0.9* | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) |