Adjusted Estimate of Program Effects on Maternal Life Course
| Comparison | Nurse-Visited | Comparison vs Nurse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LS Mean | SE | LS Mean | SE | P Value | Effect Size | |
| No. of subsequent pregnancies (birth to 72 mo) | 1.38 | 0.05 | 1.16 | 0.07 | .01 | −0.22 |
| No. of subsequent children (birth to 72 mo) | 1.28 | 0.04 | 1.08 | 0.07 | .01 | −0.22 |
| Months between births of 1st and 2nd children | 30.23 | 0.85 | 34.38 | 1.33 | .01 | 0.26 |
| Mastery*22 | 99.79 | 0.46 | 100.46 | 0.70 | .43 | 0.07 |
| Mental health*21 | 99.92 | 0.48 | 100.18 | 0.71 | .76 | 0.03 |
| Months mother employed (54–72 mo) | 9.99 | 0.31 | 9.96 | 0.47 | .97 | −0.003 |
| SES of current job (mother)† | 13.06 | 0.90 | 14.01 | 1.35 | .56 | 0.05 |
| Months of AFDC (54–72 mo) | 8.96 | 0.36 | 7.21 | 0.54 | .01 | −0.22 |
| Months of food stamps (54–72 mo) | 11.50 | 0.35 | 9.67 | 0.53 | .004 | −0.24 |
| Months of Medicaid (54–72 mo) | 13.08 | 0.34 | 11.98 | 0.52 | .08 | −0.15 |
| Months with current partner | 45.00 | 2.17 | 54.36 | 3.23 | .02 | 0.24 |
| Highest grade current partner completed | 12.05 | 0.08 | 12.16 | 0.12 | .45 | 0.07 |
| SES of partner's current job† | 31.63 | 1.15 | 30.83 | 1.71 | .70 | −0.04 |
| Proportion, % | Proportion, % | P Value | Odds Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother graduated from high school/earned GED diploma | 65.9 | 68.5 | .54 | 1.12 |
| Married | 15.0 | 11.9 | .18 | 1.36 |
| Has current partner | 76.7 | 78.4 | .64 | 1.10 |
| Lives with father of study child | 10.0 | 12.0 | .45 | 1.23 |
| Subsequent miscarriage‡ | 5.2 | 3.4 | .50 | 0.75 |
| Subsequent abortion‡ | 5.0 | 3.5 | .42 | 0.70 |
| Subsequent low birth weight newborn§ | 15.7 | 11.4 | .16 | 0.69 |
| Subsequent NICU/special care admission§ | 22.7 | 17.5 | .14 | 0.72 |
| Currently using marijuana | 3.4 | 4.6 | .47 | 1.37 |
| Moderate/heavy drinker (≥3 drinks ≥3 times/mo) | 2.6 | 5.2 | .11 | 2.03 |
| Behavioral problems attributable to substance use | 4.1 | 3.9 | .88 | 0.94 |
| Any domestic violence, birth to age 6 y | 39.5 | 38.8 | .87 | 0.97 |
| Child attended Head Start, preschool, day care, or early intervention, age 24–54 mo | 74.9 | 82.0 | .05 | 1.53 |
AFDC indicates Aid to Families With Dependent Children; GED, General Educational Development; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; LS, least-squares.
↵* Standardized to mean = 100, SD = 10.
↵† Socioeconomic status (SES) derived from percentile rankings of US Bureau of Census occupation codes, based on median income and median education associated with occupations.23
↵‡ Rate per subsequent pregnancy.
↵§ Rate per subsequent birth.