TABLE 1.

Infant Characteristics, Exposures, and Complications

	All NICUs	NICUs						P Value*
	All NICUs	A	B	C	D	E	F	P Value*
Case mix, for all NICUs combined and by NICU†
Sample size	564	100	98	97	100	100	96
Gestational age (wk)	27.1	27.0	27.2	27.2	27.1	27.1	27.1	.94
Birth weight (g)	1008	972	1046	1009	963	986	1077	.03
Small for GA (< 5th percentile, %)	3.4	6.5	1.0	2.2	7.0	3.1	0.0	.03
SNAP (day 1)	11.2	12.4	9.7	10.6	10.6	11.3	12.6	.007
SNAP (day 3)	6.4	7.3	4.9	5.7	6.5	6.5	7.4	.001
Low Apgar score (< 7 at 5 min, %)	27.5	43.3	21.0	23.9	24.2	26.8	26.4	.01
Male (%)	54.4	47.8	62.1	55.1	48.0	52.6	61.5	.18
Race (%)								<.0001
White	64.5	67.4	45.3	74.2	66.0	59.8	75.8
Black	13.7	16.3	16.8	9.0	16.0	19.6	3.3
Hispanic	11.7	14.1	4.2	5.6	13.0	19.6	13.2
Asian	2.3	1.1	2.1	6.7	0.0	1.0	3.3
Other	2.3	1.1	2.1	4.5	4.0	0.0	2.2
Unknown	5.5	0.0	29.5	0.0	1.0	0.0	2.2
Multiple gestations (2–4, %)	28.9	25.0	35.8	23.6	39.0	20.6	28.6	.03
Prenatal care (%)	97.5	97.8	97.9	96.6	98.0	96.9	97.8	.98
Prenatal steroids (%)	71.3	59.8	74.7	75.3	80.0	59.8	78.0	.002
Medical practices and complications, for all NICUs combined and by NICU†
Respiratory support (d)
Ventilator	11.8	9.3	13.2	11.4	13.1	12.0	11.3	.14
CPAP	6.9	8.1	7.7	8.8	4.1	7.9	4.9	<.0001
NC-RA	9.8	11.3	7.6	7.5	10.7	8.9	12.8	.001
Postnatal steroid exposure (%)								<.0001
0 d	78.6	75.0	66.3	89.9	56.0	92.8	93.4
1–7 d	5.5	9.8	8.4	4.5	5.0	2.1	3.3
8–14 d	7.1	12.0	13.7	1.1	9.0	4.1	2.2
≥15 d	8.9	3.3	11.6	4.5	30.0	1.0	1.1
Infection (%)	25.4	16.3	22.1	20.2	27.0	51.6	13.2	<.0001
NEC (%)	3.7	2.2	3.2	12.4	2.0	0.0	3.3	.0002
Patent ductus arteriosus (%)	27.5	12.0	41.0	32.6	41.0	15.5	22.0	<.0001

CPAP indicates continuous positive airway pressure; NC-RA, nasal cannula oxygen or room air.
↵* P value is a result of an analysis of variance or a χ² test for comparisons among NICUs.
↵† Mean or percentage.