TABLE 6.

Cry Variables in Cocaine- and Opiate-Exposed and -Nonexposed Infants

Measure	Prenatal Cocaine-Exposed						Prenatal Opiate-Exposed
	Yes		No		P		Yes		No		P
	N	Mean ± SE	N	Mean ± SE	Unadjusted	Adjusted	N	Mean ± SE	N	Mean ± SE	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Threshold (n)	352	1.97 ± 0.02	544	1.96 ± 0.01	.065	.236	63	1.97 ± 0.02	833	1.96 ± 0.01	.869	.748
Latency (sec)	352	2.50 ± 0.27	547	2.47 ± 0.25	.962	.546	64	2.28 ± 0.41	835	2.70 ± 0.14	.495	.317
Utterances (n)	352	11.77 ± 0.53	547	11.11 ± 0.49	.170	.598	64	11.31 ± 0.81	835	11.57 ± 0.27	.389	.761
Short utterances (n)	352	15.07 ± 0.77	547	15.06 ± 0.72	.435	.483	64	13.89 ± 1.18	835	16.24 ± 0.39	.027	.050
Duration first utterance (sec)	352	2.23 ± 0.14	547	2.16 ± 0.13	.512	.364	64	2.11 ± 0.21	835	2.29 ± 0.07	.306	.409
Duration second utterance (sec)	344	1.42 ± 0.07	525	1.46 ± 0.07	.826	.364	62	1.43 ± 0.11	807	1.45 ± 0.04	.943	.865
Inspiratory period (sec)	344	2.58 ± 0.25	525	2.50 ± 0.24	.753	.111	62	2.24 ± 0.39	807	2.79 ± 0.13	.363	.167
Dysphonation (%)	352	12.82 ± 1.24	547	13.03 ± 1.14	.329	.480	64	14.30 ± 1.89	835	11.55 ± 0.62	.066	.156
Mode changes (n)	352	2.45 ± 0.18	547	2.71 ± 0.18	.131	.437	64	2.84 ± 0.30	835	2.32 ± 0.10	.102	.096
Energy (dB)*	352	4225.74 ± 235.32	547	3465.63 ± 212.98	.016	.919	64	3940.16 ± 296.42	835	3751.21 ± 97.85	.973	.537
Fundamental frequency (Hz)*	351	479.53 ± 8.86	545	453.31 ± 7.90	.037	.594	63	463.78 ± 11.08	833	470.05 ± 3.64	.440	.582
Hyperphonation (%)	352	2.90 ± 0.71	547	3.46 ± 0.66	.329	.140	64	4.29 ± 1.08	835	2.07 ± 0.36	.066	.046
First formant (Hz)	351	1640.69 ± 29.47	545	1615.67 ± 27.26	.174	.539	63	1614.36 ± 44.91	833	1642.00 ± 14.79	.812	.550
Second formant (Hz)	351	3950.86 ± 29.74	545	3959.86 ± 27.51	.046	.690	63	3973.51 ± 45.32	833	3937.21 ± 14.93	.919	.436

SE indicates standard error.
↵* Significant cocaine by opiate interaction for analyses with and without covariates (reported in text).