TABLE 4.

NNNS Scales in Cocaine- and Opiate-Exposed and -Nonexposed Infants

Measure	Prenatal Cocaine-Exposed						Prenatal Opiate-Exposed
	Yes		No		P		Yes		No		P
	N	Mean ± SE	N	Mean ± SE	Unadjusted	Adjusted	N	Mean ± SE	N	Mean ± SE	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Attention	423	5.42 ± 0.10	686	5.34 ± 0.09	.748	.313	86	5.42 ± 0.15	1023	5.33 ± 0.05	.035	.536
Arousal	457	4.37 ± 0.05	741	4.44 ± 0.05	.341	.038	91	4.42 ± 0.08	1107	4.40 ± 0.02	.747	.789
Regulation*	450	4.91 ± 0.06	732	4.93 ± 0.06	.480	.050	91	4.86 ± 0.10	1091	4.98 ± 0.03	.076	.224
Handling	430	0.55 ± 0.02	713	0.56 ± 0.02	.407	.124	87	0.56 ± 0.03	1056	0.55 ± 0.01	.304	.930
Quality of movement	455	4.43 ± 0.06	740	4.49 ± 0.05	.044	.208	91	4.49 ± 0.08	1104	4.43 ± 0.03	.917	.467
Excitability*	460	4.12 ± 0.17	751	4.03 ± 0.15	.369	.032	91	4.16 ± 0.25	1120	3.99 ± 0.08	.394	.506
Lethargy	460	3.37 ± 0.16	751	3.31 ± 0.14	.069	.167	91	3.28 ± 0.24	1120	3.41 ± 0.07	.064	.589
Nonoptimal reflexes	460	4.48 ± 0.16	751	4.37 ± 0.14	.836	.688	91	4.54 ± 0.24	1120	4.31 ± 0.08	.098	.352
Asymmetrical reflexes	460	1.00 ± 0.08	751	0.90 ± 0.07	.735	.223	91	0.93 ± 0.12	1120	0.97 ± 0.04	.905	.730
Hypertonicity	460	0.53 ± 0.06	746	0.63 ± 0.06	.060	.410	91	0.55 ± 0.03	1115	0.56 ± 0.10	.570	.862
Hypotonicity	460	0.18 ± 0.04	746	0.20 ± 0.04	.542	.993	91	0.20 ± 0.06	1115	0.19 ± 0.02	.800	.852
Stress/abstinence	460	0.18 ± 0.01	751	0.18 ± 0.01	.501	.520	91	0.19 ± 0.01	1120	0.17 ± 0.01	.001	.195

SE indicates standard error.
↵* Significant cocaine by birth weight interaction (reported in text).