Patient Characteristics
| Characteristic | Before Policy (March 2010 to September 17, 2012), 30.5 mo | After Policy (September 18, 2012 to March 2016), 41.5 mo |
|---|---|---|
| Total visits, N | 15 | 297 |
| Average per mo | 0.5 | 7.2 |
| Age, range | 6 wk–18 y | 2 wk–18 y |
| Median, y | 1.89 | 3.32 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 8 (53.3) | 160 (53.9) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 3 (20.0) | 13 (4.4) |
| African American | 6 (40.0) | 93 (31.3) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 15 (5.1) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 6 (2.0 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Hispanic | 6 (40.0) | 170 (57.2) |
| Medical complaint, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 12 (80.0) | 103 (34.7) |
| No | 3 (20.0) | 194 (65.3) |
| Type of medical complaint, n (%)a | ||
| Viral syndrome or fever | 3 (20.0) | 31 (10.4) |
| Gastrointestinal | 3 (20.0) | 21 (7.1) |
| Crying or ALTE | 2 (13.3) | 1 (0.3) |
| Respiratory | 1 (6.7) | 15 (5.1) |
| Developmental or growth | 1 (6.7) | 11 (3.7) |
| Rash | 1 (6.7) | 9 (3.0) |
| Injury | 1 (6.7) | 3 (1.0) |
| Technology dependence | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pregnancy | 1 (6.7) | 1 (0.3) |
| Pharyngitis | 0 (0.0 | 3 (1.0) |
| Urinary tract infection | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.0) |
| Conjunctivitis | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Epistaxis | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Mental or behavioral health | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Neurologic problem | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Otitis media | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Anemia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Chronic medical condition, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 8 (53.3) | 78 (26.3) |
| No | 7 (46.7) | 219 (73.7) |
| Type of medical condition, n (%)a | ||
| Medical complexity or technology dependence | 3 (20.0) | 15 (5.1) |
| Asthma | 2 13.3) | 38 (12.7) |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (6.7) | 4 (1.3) |
| Endocrinologic | 1 (6.7) | 1 (0.3) |
| HIV | 1 (6.7) | 1 (0.3) |
| Mental or behavioral health | 0 (0.0) | 9 (3.0) |
| Cardiac | 0 (0.0) | 6 (2.0) |
| Hematologic | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.3) |
| Neurologic | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.0) |
| Urologic | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Type of insurance, n (%) | ||
| Commercial | 3 (20.0) | 4 (1.4) |
| State based | 12 (80.0) | 268 (90.2) |
| Out of state | 0 (0.0) | 15 (5.1) |
| Uninsured | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 9 (3.0) |
| Siblings present, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 161 (60.5) |
| Accompanied by a family member, n (%) | ||
| Mother | 11 (73.3) | 285 (96.0) |
| Father | 4 (26.7) | 26 (8.8) |
| Grandparent | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.7) |
| Aunt or uncle | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Foster parent | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| Unaccompanied | 2 (13.3) | 4 (1.4) |
| Repeat visit for homelessness, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (9.1) |
| Return visit for any reason within 1 mo, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 44 (14.9) |
| Seen at housing office (DHCD) within 2 wk before ED visit? | ||
| Yes | 2 (13.3) | 141 (47.5) |
| No | 8 (53.3) | 130 (43.8) |
| Not documented or unknown | 5 (33.3) | 26 (8.8) |
ALTE, apparent life-threatening event.
↵a Numbers may not equal the total number of patients with a medical complaint or chronic medical problem because some patients had >1 medical complaint or chronic medical problem.