TABLE 4

Cause of Death by CPS Involvement, Number, Incidence Rate (per 100 000 Person-Years), and IRR: Crude Estimates

Major Causes of Death^a	No CPS Contact^b				IRR (95% CI) for CPS Versus No CPS	P
Major Causes of Death^a	No. of Deaths	Incidence Rate^d	No. of Deaths	Incidence Rate^e	IRR (95% CI) for CPS Versus No CPS	P
Suicide or intentional self-harm (codes X60–X84, Y20)	154	6.31	90	17.77	2.82 (2.15–3.68)	<.001
Poisonings, alcohol, drugs, other substances, and mental illness (of unknown intent) (codes F00–F99, F20–F99, R45, T36–T65, X40–X45, Y10–Y19, and Y48)^f	60	2.46	60	11.86	4.82 (3.31–7.01)	<.001
Auto crash and other unintentional injuries (codes V01–V99) and no record of substances or mental illness^g	204	8.35	60	11.85	1.42 (1.05–1.90)	.010
Natural causes (chapters I to IV, VI to XVIII, XXI, and XX, with no cause-of-death codes in chapters V, XIX, or XX)	204	8.35	84	16.59	1.99 (1.52–2.57)	<.001
Missing	40	1.63	23	4.54	2.77 (1.58–4.74)	<.001
All deaths	662	27.11	318	62.80	2.32 (2.02–2.65)	<.001

↵a ICD-10, see ref 26.
↵b No CPS involvement to age 16 years.
↵c Any CPS contact to age 16 years.
↵d Per 100 000 person-years (person-years of observation from the 16th birthday to May 31, 2019, is 2 442 010 in those with no CPS contact, taking account of premature deaths).
↵e Per 100 000 person-years (person-years of observation from the 16th birthday to May 31, 2019, is 506 419 in those with some CPS contact, taking account of premature deaths).
↵f Including assault (codes X85–Y09 and Y35) if substances are involved.
↵g Including assault if there is no involvement of substances.