TABLE 3

Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Risk of Death From Age 16 Years, by CPS Involvement: Crude and Adjusted Analyses

	Univariable		Multivariable^a
	HR (95% CI)	P	aHR (95% CI)	P
Child attributes
CPS contact (reference: no CPS contact)
NOC	1.28 (0.87–1.90)	.211	1.31 (0.88–1.95)	.180
Other notification(s)	1.55 (1.09–2.21)	.016	1.71 (1.18–2.48)	.004
CPM	2.35 (1.78–3.11)	<.001	2.35 (1.75–3.14)	<.001
Investigation	2.20 (1.73–2.81)	<.001	2.09 (1.62–2.70)	<.001
Substantiation	2.88 (2.24–3.71)	<.001	2.61 (1.99–3.43)	<.001
OOHC from age 3 y	5.77 (4.45–7.48)	<.001	4.67 (3.52–6.20)	<.001
OOHC before age 3 y	2.35 (1.39–4.00)	.002	1.75 (0.98–3.14)	.060
Birth year (reference: born 1986–1991)
1992–1997	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	.127	0.84 (0.71–1.00)	.047
1998–2003	0.73 (0.56–0.96)	.025	0.78 (0.19–3.14)	.725
Sex (reference: female)
Male	2.17 (1.90–2.48)	<.001	2.17 (1.89–2.50)	<.001
Birth outcome (reference: discharged at <28 d)
Still in hospital at 28 d	2.54 (1.90–3.39)	<.001	2.24 (1.66–3.03)	<.001
Mother’s characteristics at child’s birth
Age (reference: ≥21 y)
<21 y	1.75 (1.47–2.10)	<.001	1.15 (0.94–1.42)	.175
Marital status (reference: married or de facto)
Not married or de facto	1.53 (1.31–1.79)	<.001	1.03 (0.86–1.23)	.769
Employed (ref)
Not employed	1.20 (1.04–1.40)	.014	1.07 (0.89–1.28)	.483
IRSD (reference: Q4–Q5 least disadvantaged)
Q2–Q3	1.24 (1.06–1.45)	.008	1.13 (0.96–1.32)	.144
Q1	1.36 (1.15–1.60)	<.001	1.07 (0.90–1.27)	.433
Smoking status (reference: not smoking)
Smoking	1.60 (0.97–2.65)	.068	1.18 (0.71–1.97)	.523

↵a Adjusted for child’s birth year, sex, birth outcome, Aboriginal status, and mother’s age and marital status, whether employed, smoking status, and IRSD at the time of the child’s birth.