Characteristics of the Sample at Baseline (Study Entry at Either Age 21 or 27 mo; n = 209)
| Variable | N (%) or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Child | |
| Gender | |
| Girls | 102 (48.8%) |
| Boys | 107 (51.2%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 107 (51.2%) |
| Black | 54 (25.8%) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 0 (0.0%) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0 (0.0%) |
| Biracial | 44 (21.1%) |
| Other | 3 (1.4%) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.5%) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 23 (11.0%) |
| Not Hispanic | 185 (88.5%) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.5%) |
| WLZ (CDC norms) | 0.51 (1.06) |
| Maternal | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 (9.5) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 80 (38.3%) |
| More than high school | 129 (61.7%) |
| CES-D score | 12.5 (10.0) |
| Family | |
| CHAOS score | 4.1 (3.3) |
| Food insecurity | |
| Food insecure | 65 (33.9%) |
| Food secure | 127 (66.1%) |
| Family Structure | |
| Single mother | 46 (23.2%) |
| Not single mother | 152 (76.8%) |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale.