Race- and Ethnicity-Related Characteristics of Psychiatric ED Visits Among Youth in the United States
| Non-Hispanic White | Non-Hispanic African American | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic Other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count of total visits (weighted) | 75 572 719 | 35 939 326 | 27 564 070 | 3 874 405 |
| Count of psychiatric ED visits (weighted) | 8 162 101 | 2 607 369 | 2 074 122 | 297 994 |
| Estimated youth in the United States, 2011–2015 | 217 594 589 | 56 413 412 | 92 679 177 | 36 265 765 |
| Psychiatric ED visits, % of all visits (count)* | ||||
| 2011 | 9.3 (1 629 561) | 6.3 (519 859) | 5.7 (309 237) | 6.2 (57 349) |
| 2012 | 9.3 (1 499 311) | 4.9 (342 599) | 6.5 (411 193) | 7.1 (61 684) |
| 2013 | 9.8 (1 576 000) | 5.9 (387 165) | 6.1 (339 747) | 7.9 (60 165) |
| 2014 | 10.1 (1 682 520) | 6.0 (562 364) | 7.2 (423 844) | 5.5 (39 253) |
| 2015 | 10.3 (1 774 709) | 10.8 (795 382) | 9.1 (590 101) | 8.9 (79 543) |
| Psychiatric ED visits per 1000 US youth | ||||
| 2011 | 37.5 | 46.1 | 16.7 | 7.9 |
| 2012 | 34.5 | 30.4 | 22.2 | 8.5 |
| 2013 | 36.1 | 34.3 | 18.3 | 8.3 |
| 2014 | 38.5 | 49.7 | 22.8 | 5.4 |
| 2015 | 40.8 | 70.6 | 31.9 | 11.0 |
| Region,* % of all psychiatric ED visits | ||||
| Northeast | 19.8 | 19.4 | 21.1 | 24.1 |
| Midwest | 28.1 | 26.8 | 11.8 | 19.3 |
| South | 32.7 | 44.0 | 24.7 | 24.8 |
| West | 19.4 | 9.8 | 43.1 | 31.8 |
| Youth, % | ||||
| 6–11 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 13.6 |
| 12–17 | 27.9 | 28.9 | 37.1 | 27.6 |
| 18–24 | 66.5 | 63.9 | 56.3 | 58.8 |
| Sex, % | ||||
| Female | 51.8 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 45.3 |
| Male | 48.2 | 52.7 | 52.4 | 54.6 |
| Insurance,* % | ||||
| Private | 41.7 | 18.6 | 22.6 | 40.4 |
| Public | 37.5 | 54.3 | 56.0 | 35.6 |
| Self-pay | 15.1 | 19.7 | 14.6 | 9.4 |
| Other | 5.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 14.5 |
| Visit on a weekend,* % | ||||
| No | 73.4 | 74.5 | 76.8 | 69.1 |
| Yes | 26.6 | 25.5 | 23.2 | 30.9 |
| Arrival time,* % | ||||
| Morning (<11 am) | 29.4 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 27.4 |
| Afternoon (11 am–4 pm) | 28.7 | 31.5 | 32.7 | 26.9 |
| Evening (5 pm–12 am) | 41.9 | 41.9 | 42.1 | 45.7 |
| Urgent* | ||||
| No | 28.3 | 37.5 | 27.8 | 32.4 |
| Yes | 71.7 | 62.4 | 72.2 | 67.6 |
| Length of visit, % | ||||
| <90 min | 20.9 | 20.5 | 17.3 | 25.7 |
| 90–179 min | 30.6 | 25.9 | 25.0 | 16.5 |
| 180–359 min | 28.3 | 28.4 | 35.6 | 27.9 |
| ≥6 h | 20.2 | 25.2 | 22.1 | 29.9 |
| Arrive by ambulance,* % | ||||
| No | 24.0 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 36.0 |
| Yes | 76.0 | 71.8 | 72.5 | 64.0 |
| Mental health provider seen, % | ||||
| No | 82.7 | 84.6 | 84.5 | 92.1 |
| Yes | 17.3 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 8.0 |
| Admit to hospital, % | ||||
| No | 80.5 | 81.8 | 84.0 | 80.3 |
| Yes or transfer to another hospital | 9.8 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 13.0 |
| Transfer or admit to a psychiatric facility | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 6.8 |
| Psychiatric diagnoses or RFV,*,a % | ||||
| Mood | 54.0 | 47.4 | 51.6 | 63.4 |
| Behavior* | 11.9 | 18.6 | 16.9 | 6.7 |
| SUD* | 43.7 | 37.1 | 35.6 | 24.1 |
| Psychosis | 6.2 | 9.3 | 5.7 | 2.7 |
| Suicide attempt or self-injury | 12.9 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 20.2 |
| Other | 29.7 | 33.0 | 27.5 | 36.4 |
| Count of psychiatric diagnoses or RFVs, mean* | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.37 | 1.33 |
| Primary diagnosis is psychiatric,* % | ||||
| No | 32.8 | 35.2 | 37.9 | 37.7 |
| Yes | 67.2 | 64.8 | 62.1 | 62.3 |