Characteristics of Infants Included in the Study
| Variable | Early-Caffeine Group (N = 1545) | Late-Caffeine Group (N = 563) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal ethnicity, n (%) | .49 | ||
| White | 895 (67.6) | 315 (68.9) | |
| African American | 110 (8.3) | 43 (9.4) | |
| Other | 319 (24.1) | 99 (21.7) | |
| Maternal education, n (%) | .89 | ||
| Less than high school | 164 (11.5) | 52 (10.5) | |
| Completed high school | 243 (17.0) | 81 (16.3) | |
| Some college | 254 (17.8) | 90 (18.1) | |
| College and above | 765 (53.7) | 274 (55.1) | |
| Antenatal steroids, n (%) | 1386 (91.0) | 477 (89.0) | .17 |
| Multiples, n (%) | 446 (28.9) | 150 (26.6) | .32 |
| Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 895 (58.0) | 328 (58.6) | .83 |
| Neonatal characteristics | |||
| GA, wk, median (IQR) | 27 (26–28) | 26 (25–27) | <.01 |
| ≤24, n (%) | 117 (7.6) | 105 (18.7) | <.01 |
| 25–28, n (%) | 1428 (92.4) | 458 (81.3) | |
| Birth wt, g, median (IQR) | 950 (790–1110) | 850 (700–1040) | <.01 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 718 (46.5) | 279 (49.6) | .20 |
| Apgar score at 5 min, median (IQR) | 7 (6–8) | 7 (5–8) | <.01 |
| SNAP-II score, median (IQR) | 12 (7–18) | 16 (9–29) | <.01 |
| Small for GA, n (%) | 101 (6.6) | 54 (9.6) | .02 |
| Intubation at birth, n (%) | 621 (41.9) | 236 (42.7) | .75 |
| Surfactant, n (%) | 1129 (89.3) | 441 (89.8) | .76 |
| Duration of caffeine, d, median (IQR) | 51 (38–65) | 49 (31–64) | .01 |
| Postnatal steroids, n (%) | 327 (21.2) | 242 (43.0) | <.01 |
| Air leak syndrome, n (%) | 49 (3.2) | 38 (6.8) | <.01 |
IQR, interquartile range.