Child and Parent Socioeconomic Characteristics, Obesity Risk Factors, and BMI z Scores by Child Race and/or Ethnicity: ECLS-B
Characteristic | Overall | African American | Hispanic | Asian | American Indian | White |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distribution of race, % | 15.8 | 23.3 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 54.6 | |
Boys, % | 51.3 | 53.6 | 51.8 | 53.2 | 50.4 | 50.3 |
Household income, $ (%)a | ||||||
<25 000 | 33.5 | 56.7 | 51.3 | 17.7 | 50.1 | 19.8 |
25 000–50 000 | 29.7 | 25.7 | 32.5 | 25.2 | 31.6 | 29.8 |
>50 000 | 36.8 | 17.7 | 16.2 | 57.1 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Parent education, %a | ||||||
Less than high school | 45.8 | 60.3 | 68.2 | 23.9 | 55.5 | 33.2 |
Some college | 29.2 | 30.2 | 23 | 19.9 | 36.7 | 31.8 |
Less than college | 25.0 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 56.3 | 7.8 | 35.0 |
Food insecurity, %a | 11.8 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 6.5 | 15.1 | 8.1 |
Neighborhood safety, %a | 8.0 | 15.6 | 12.5 | 3.4 | 9.2 | 4.2 |
Maternal risk factors | ||||||
Wt, kg, mean (SE)a | 72.2 (0.44) | 78.76 (1.15) | 71.10 (0.85) | 60.46 (0.63) | 76.02 (2.2) | 71.30 (0.55) |
Smoking during pregnancy, %a | 9.1 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 19.4 | 13.0 |
Infant risk factors | ||||||
Never breastfed, %a | 29.2 | 46.6 | 23.8 | 16.3 | 28.4 | 27.3 |
Early introduction of solid foods, %a | 23.7 | 29.8 | 21.2 | 7.5 | 28.6 | 23.9 |
Wt gain, mean (SE)a,b | 0.57 (0.01) | 0.61 (0.01) | 0.59 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.01) | 0.64 (0.02) | 0.57 (0.01) |
Early childhood risk factorsc | ||||||
Television viewing >2 h per d, %a | 35.6 | 50.6 | 44.8 | 29.4 | 41.6 | 27.5 |
Physical inactivity, %a | 56.1 | 60.4 | 56.8 | 67.8 | 50.8 | 54.1 |
SSB consumption, %a | 30.1 | 41.4 | 35.7 | 21.7 | 33.5 | 25.0 |
Fruit and vegetable consumption <1 per d, % | 18.5 | 20.3 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 19.8 | 19.0 |
Family meals <4 per wk (%)a | 16.1 | 24.6 | 20.2 | 16.9 | 16.8 | 11.9 |
Nonparental child care, %a | 80.2 | 84.0 | 73.2 | 84.8 | 79.3 | 82.0 |
BMI z score, mean (SE) | ||||||
Boys | ||||||
2 y (2003–2004)a | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.58 (0.12) | 0.66 (0.11) | 0.28 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.25) | 0.44 (0.07) |
Preschool (2005–2006)a | 0.67 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.09) | 0.86 (0.07) | 0.44 (0.10) | 1.04 (0.15) | 0.59 (0.04) |
Kindergarten (2006)a | 0.69 (0.03) | 0.75 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.48 (0.11) | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.58 (0.04) |
Girls | ||||||
2 y (2003–2004) | 0.34 (0.06) | 0.30 (0.15) | 0.43 (0.16) | 0.30 (0.11) | 0.62 (0.15) | 0.30 (0.08) |
Preschool (2005–06)a | 0.66 (0.03) | 0.70 (0.07) | 0.79 (0.06) | 0.38 (0.09) | 1.00 (0.11) | 0.60 (0.04) |
Kindergarten (2006)a | 0.68 (0.03) | 0.76 (0.07) | 0.78 (0.06) | 0.34 (0.10) | 1.04 (0.11) | 0.61 (0.04) |
Overweight and/or obesity, % | ||||||
Boys | ||||||
2 y (2003–2004) | 17.5 | 17.3 | 20.1 | 12.2 | 27.3 | 16.3 |
Preschool (2005–2006)a | 33.6 | 37.2 | 39.9 | 24.5 | 47.0 | 29.7 |
Kindergarten (2006)a | 34.8 | 41.0 | 43.7 | 29.4 | 42.8 | 29.0 |
Girls | ||||||
2 y (2003–2004) | 16.7 | 16.4 | 17.0 | 14.0 | 22.2 | 16.5 |
Preschool (2005–2006)a | 34.8 | 36.8 | 42.6 | 28.7 | 47.1 | 30.9 |
Kindergarten (2006)a | 35.1 | 39.9 | 39.9 | 29.6 | 49.2 | 31.5 |