TABLE 1

Descriptive Statistics of Dependent and Independent Variables for the Analytic Sample (N = 2420)

	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Dependent Variables
Child’s TL	8.08	2.7	3.2	19.7
Child’s TL (ln, trimmed)	2.03	0.4	1.25	2.9
Independent variables
Father loss, with ages of child at loss
No father loss	0.48	—	0	1
Loss at age 0–1	0.19	—	0	1
Loss at age 1–3	0.13	—	0	1
Loss at age 3–5	0.10	—	0	1
Loss at age 5–9	0.10	—	0	1
Incarceration at age 0–5	0.09	—	0	1
Incarceration at age 5–9	0.11	—	0	1
Death	0.03	—	0	1
Mediator variables
Change in income (after loss − before loss), %	5.2	120.3	−100	727
Change in social support	0.1	0.2	−3	3
Moderators
Race
African American	0.49	—	0	1
White	0.21	—	0	1
Hispanic	0.27	—	0	1
Other	0.03	—	0	1
Child is female	0.48	—	0	1
Control variables (baseline)
Ln (household income)	9.89	1.10	0	11.8
Social support	2.63	0.5	0	3
Mother’s age	25.02	5.94	14	47
Mother’s education	12.01	—	—	—
Child is low birth weight (<2.5 kg)	0.09	—	0	1
Child is firstborn	0.38	—	0	1
Mother lives with child’s father	0.61	—	0	1
Mother discussed abortion	0.37	—	0	1
Mother or father ever depressed	0.49	—	0	1
Mother or father ever had an alcohol problem	0.48	—	0	1
Mother or father ever incarcerated	0.45	—	0	1
Mother lived with both parents at 15	0.43	—	0	1
Mother’s report of relationship quality	11.26	4.4	4	16
Mother’s report of overall health	2.89	0.94	1	4