TABLE 4

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With Severe LRTI Versus Nonsevere LRTI Hospitalizations in Commercial and Medicaid Databases, 2007–2011

Demographic and Clinic Characteristics	Commercial (N = 120 516)					Medicaid (N = 96 006)
	Nonsevere LRTI		Severe LRTI		Relative Risk (95% CI)	Nonsevere LRTI		Severe LRTI		Relative Risk (95% CI)
	(N = 104 453)	% of Total	(N = 16 063)	% of Total	Relative Risk (95% CI)	(N = 81 953)	% of Total	(N = 12 053)	% of Total	Relative Risk (95% CI)
Age group, y
<1	34 921	33.4	6449	40.1	0.91 (0.87–0.96)	45 550	55.6	7008	58.1	0.63 (0.59–0.67)
1	17 666	16.9	1945	12.1	0.54 (0.51–0.58)	10 942	13.4	1142	9.5	0.42 (0.39–0.47)
2–4	22 484	21.5	2722	16.9	0.60 (0.56–0.64)	13 050	15.9	1558	12.9	0.49 (0.45–0.53)
5–9	16 696	16.0	2389	14.9	0.70 (0.67–0.75)	7393	9.0	1117	9.3	0.62 (0.57–0.68)
10–18	12 686	12.1	2558	15.9	Reference	5018	6.1	1228	10.2	Reference
Gender
Boy	59 275	56.7	9101	56.7	1.00 (0.97–1.04)	46 242	56.4	6721	55.8	1.02 (0.98–1.07)
Girl	45 178	43.3	6962	43.3	Reference	35 700	43.6	5326	44.2	Reference
Race^a
White	NA		NA		NA	39 482	48.2	5057	42.0	Reference
African American	NA		NA		NA	21 996	26.8	3254	27.0	1.2 (1.1–1.3)
Hispanic	NA		NA		NA	6591	8.0	1091	9.1	1.3 (1.2–1.4)
Other	NA		NA		NA	13 782	16.8	2617	21.7	1.5 (1.4–1.6)
Outcome^b
Survived	104 427	100	15 909	99.0	Reference	81 935	99.98	11 895	98.7	Reference
Died	26	0.02	154	1.0	38.8 (25.6–58.9)	18	0.02	158	1.3	60.4 (37.1–98.5)
Previous LRTI hospital
0	100 407	96.1	15 164	94.4	Reference	76 147	92.9	10 860	90.1	Reference
≥1	4046	3.9	899	5.6	1.5 (1.4–1.6)	5806	7.1	1193	9.9	1.4 (1.3–1.5)
At least 1 underlying medical condition^c
0	56 650	54.2	3930	24.5	Reference	37 464	45.7	1942	16.1	Reference
≥1	47 803	45.8	12 133	75.5	3.6 (3.5–3.7)	44 489	54.3	10 111	83.9	4.4 (4.2–4.6)
Number of underlying medical conditions
0	56 650	54.2	3930	24.5	Reference	37 464	45.7	1942	16.1	Reference
1	31 425	30.1	6052	37.7	2.7 (2.6–2.9)	23 284	28.4	3539	29.4	2.9 (2.7–3.1)
2	10 063	9.6	3315	20.6	4.7 (4.5–5.0)	9884	12.1	2192	18.2	4.3 (4.0–4.6)
≥3	6315	6.0	2766	17.2	6.3 (6.0–6.7)	11 321	13.8	4380	36.3	7.5 (7.1–7.9)
Specific condition^d
Asthma	19 744	18.9	3182	19.8	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	12 674	15.5	1978	16.4	1.1 (1.0–1.13)
Other pulmonary diseases	22 698	21.7	8983	55.9	4.6 (4.4–4.7)	23 583	28.8	8203	68.1	5.3 (5.1–5.5)
Cardiac disease	6410	6.1	2830	17.6	3.3 (3.1–3.4)	7515	9.2	3093	25.7	3.4 (3.2–3.5)
Renal disease	566	0.5	224	1.4	2.6 (2.2–3.0)	490	0.6	193	1.6	2.7 (2.3–3.2)
Hemoglobinopathies	1561	1.5	413	2.6	1.7 (1.5–1.9)	2246	2.7	392	3.3	1.2 (1.1–1.3)
HIV/AIDS	26	0.0	12	0.1	3.0 (1.5–5.9)	85	0.1	12	0.1	1.0 (0.5–1.7)
Immunosuppression	1884	1.8	510	3.2	1.8 (1.6–2.0)	2292	2.8	839	7.0	2.6 (2.4–2.8)
Malignancy	1355	1.3	421	2.6	2.0 (1.8–2.3)	838	1.0	257	2.1	2.1 (1.8–2.4)
Diabetes	893	0.9	275	1.7	2.3 (2.0–2.6)	913	1.1	301	2.5	2.3 (2.0–2.6)
Other metabolic disorder	1081	1.0	349	2.2	2.1 (1.9–2.4)	3234	3.9	604	5.0	1.3 (1.1–1.4)
Obesity	501	0.5	133	0.8	1.7 (1.4–2.1)	747	0.9	169	1.4	1.5 (1.3–1.8)
Liver disease	240	0.2	88	0.5	2.4 (1.9–3.1)	214	0.3	84	0.7	2.7 (2.1–3.1)
Neurologic disorder	6954	6.7	2538	15.8	2.6 (2.5–2.7)	7154	8.7	2619	21.7	2.9 (2.8–3.5)
Cerebrovascular disease	612	0.6	287	1.8	3.1 (2.7–3.6)	873	1.1	395	3.3	3.1 (2.8–3.5)
Pregnancy complications	1830	1.8	438	2.7	1.6 (1.4–1.7)	13 913	17.0	3812	31.6	2.3 (2.2–2.4)
Prematurity	6123	5.9	438	2.7	2.2 (2.1–2.3)	8068	9.8	2517	20.9	2.4 (2.3–2.5)
Other congenital disorder	2283	2.2	916	5.7	2.7 (2.5–2.9)	1421	1.7	582	4.8	2.9 (2.7–3.2)

CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.
↵^a Race is not available for enrollees in the commercial database.
↵^b Outcome is determined at time of discharge.
↵^c Relative risk is determined by comparing those with the medical condition to those without the medical condition.
↵^d The specific conditions are listed in Supplemental Table 9.