Mean Difference (95% CI) in Fall PALS-K Scores by BLL
| Group Size, n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Below Fall BM | Above Fall BM | ||||||
| GM BLL categories | 1193 | 2213 | |||||
| 0–4 µg/dL | 668 | 1423 | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| 5–9 µg/dL | 415 | 683 | −3.4 (−5.2 to −1.7) | −3.8 (−5.5 to −2.1) | −4.9 (−6.6 to −3.2) | −4.8 (−6.5 to −3.1) | −4.5 (−6.2 to −2.9) |
| ≥10 µg/dL | 110 | 107 | −9.1 (−12.5 to −5.8) | −9.9 (−13.2 to −6.6) | −11.7 (−15.0 to −8.5) | −11.1 (−14.3 to −7.9) | −10.1 (−13.3 to −7.0) |
| P trend | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| r2 | 0.0109 | 0.0380 | 0.0904 | 0.1150 | 0.1345 | ||
| Refined GM BLL categoriesa | 1193 | 2213 | |||||
| 1 µg/dL | 83 | 213 | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) |
| 2 µg/dL | 197 | 416 | −2.6 (−5.9 to 0.8) | −2.1 (−5.4 to 1.2) | −2.4 (−5.6 to 0.8) | −2.8 (−5.9 to 0.4) | −2.7 (−5.8 to 0.5) |
| 3 µg/dL | 209 | 409 | −3.8 (−7.1 to −0.5) | −3.6 (−6.8 to −0.3) | −3.8 (−7.0 to −0.7) | −4.1 (−7.3 to −1.0) | −3.3 (−6.5 to −0.2) |
| 4 µg/dL | 179 | 385 | −2.7 (−6.0 to 0.7) | −2.6 (−5.9 to 0.7) | −3.2 (−6.4 to 0.04)* | −3.6 (−6.8 to −0.4) | −2.7 (−4.9 to 4.7) |
| 5 µg/dL | 148 | 272 | −4.4 (−7.9 to −0.8) | −4.6 (−8.1 to −1.1) | −5.6 (−9.0 to −2.2) | −5.6 (−9.0 to −2.3) | −5.0 (−8.4 to −1.7) |
| 6 µg/dL | 130 | 193 | −6.7 (−10.5 to −3.0) | −6.7 (−10.4 to −3.0) | −8.4 (−12.1 to −4.8) | −9.0 (−12.6 to −5.4) | −8.1 (−11.7 to −4.5) |
| 7 µg/dL | 56 | 91 | −6.4 (−11.1 to −1.6) | −7.2 (−11.9 to −2.6) | −8.9 (−13.5 to −4.4) | −9.3 (−13.8 to −4.9) | −8.2 (−12.7 to −3.8) |
| 8 µg/dL | 55 | 79 | −8.5 (−13.3 to −3.6) | −8.5 (−13.3 to −3.7) | −10.0 (−14.7 to −5.3) | −10.3 (−14.9 to −5.6) | −9.3 (−13.9 to −4.7) |
| 9 µg/dL | 26 | 48 | −7.1 (−13.1 to −1.0) | −6.8 (−12.8 to −0.8) | −8.0 (−13.9 to −2.2) | −7.9 (−13.7 to −2.2) | −7.0 (−12.7 to −1.3) |
| ≥10 µg/dL | 110 | 107 | −11.7 (−15.9 to −7.5) | −12.3 (−16.4 to −8.1) | −14.5 (−18.5 to −10.4) | −14.1(−18.1 to −10.1) | −12.7 (−16.6 to −8.7) |
| P trend | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| r2 | 0.0135 | 0.0402 | 0.0933 | 0.1187 | 0.1372 | ||
| Log2 GM BLL doubling model, per twofold increase | 1193 | 2213 | −3.2 (−4.2 to −2.3) | −3.5 (−4.4 to −2.5) | −4.1 (−5.0 to −3.1) | −4.0 (−4.9 to −3.0) | −3.5 (−4.4 to −2.6) |
| P | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| r2 | 0.0129 | 0.0394 | 0.0911 | 0.1165 | 0.1343 | ||
N = 3406. Model 1 was unadjusted; model 2 was adjusted for age at start of kindergarten, gender, and year; model 3 was additionally adjusted for race; model 4 was additionally adjusted for child language; model 5 was additionally adjusted for free/reduced lunch status. BM, benchmark.
↵a Refined GM BLL categories: 1 µg/dL = 0.7–1.99; 2 µg/dL = 2.0–2.99; 3 µg/dL = 3.0–3.99; 4 µg/dL = 4.0–4.99; 5 µg/dL = 5.0–5.99; 6 µg/dL = 6.0–6.99; 7 µg/dL = 7.0–7.99; 8 µg/dL = 8.0–8.99; 9 µg/dL = 9.0–9.99.
↵* P = .053.