PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Franck, Linda Sturla
AU  - Johnson, Lora Margherita
AU  - Lee, Kathryn
AU  - Hepner, Christine
AU  - Lambert, Lael
AU  - Passeri, Mary
AU  - Manio, Estrella
AU  - Dorenbaum, Alejandro
AU  - Wara, Diane
TI  - Sleep Disturbances in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
AID  - 10.1542/peds.104.5.e62
DP  - 1999 Nov 01
TA  - Pediatrics
PG  - e62--e62
VI  - 104
IP  - 5
4099  - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/104/5/e62.short
4100  - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/104/5/e62.full
SO  - Pediatrics1999 Nov 01; 104
AB  - Objective. To describe the sleep patterns and level of fatigue in children and adolescents (6–18 years of age) with HIV infection, compared with ethnic-, gender-, and age-matched healthy children in the home setting.Design. Descriptive, comparative.Setting. Conducted in each child's home environment.Study Participants. Eighteen HIV-infected and 15 noninfected children completed the study. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV classifications for the 18 HIV-infected children were: A (n = 7), B (n= 6), and C (n = 5).Methods. A symptom diary was developed using a previously validated fatigue assessment scale, modified for use with children. Content validity of the diary was established with a panel of 5 experts in child development and pediatric HIV disease. Children were asked to complete the diary each morning and evening for 3 days. Each child wore a wrist actigraph during the same period.Results. The HIV-infected children had significantly more wake time after sleep onset, compared with noninfected children (13.55% vs 7.47%). The HIV-infected children had more awakenings (25.33 vs 16.71) and were awake for longer periods (3.01 vs 1.01 minutes), compared with noninfected children. By parent report, 7 HIV-infected children napped and 2 noninfected children napped, indicating greater daytime fatigue in the HIV-infected children. HIV-infected children also reported a greater level of evening tiredness (2.47 vs 1.8).Conclusions. The findings from this study suggest that sleep disturbances occur in HIV-infected children, similar to findings previously described in HIV-infected adults. Additional research is necessary to characterize the nature and patterns of sleep disturbance and fatigue related to pediatric HIV-infection, to assess the impact these may have on daily activities, and to develop strategies to improve sleep for these children.