PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lindgren, Scott AU - Wacker, David AU - Suess, Alyssa AU - Schieltz, Kelly AU - Pelzel, Kelly AU - Kopelman, Todd AU - Lee, John AU - Romani, Patrick AU - Waldron, Debra TI - Telehealth and Autism: Treating Challenging Behavior at Lower Cost AID - 10.1542/peds.2015-2851O DP - 2016 Feb 01 TA - Pediatrics PG - S167--S175 VI - 137 IP - Supplement 2 4099 - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/137/Supplement_2/S167.short 4100 - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/137/Supplement_2/S167.full SO - Pediatrics2016 Feb 01; 137 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether challenging behavior in young children with autism and other developmental disabilities can be treated successfully at lower cost by using telehealth to train parents to implement applied behavior analysis (ABA).METHODS: We compared data on the outcomes and costs for implementing evidence-based ABA procedures to reduce problem behavior by using 3 service delivery models: in-home therapy, clinic-based telehealth, and home-based telehealth. Participants were 107 young children diagnosed with autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders, and data analysis focused on the 94 children who completed treatment.RESULTS: All 3 service delivery models demonstrated successful reduction of problem behavior by training parents to conduct functional analysis and functional communication training. The mean percentage reduction in problem behavior was >90% in all 3 groups after treatment, and treatment acceptability based on parent ratings was high for all groups. Total costs for implementing treatment were lowest for home telehealth, but both telehealth models were significantly less costly than in-home therapy.CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrated that parents can use ABA procedures to successfully treat behavior problems associated with autism spectrum disorders regardless of whether treatment is directed by behavior consultants in person or via remote video coaching. Because ABA telehealth can achieve similar outcomes at lower cost compared with in-home therapy, geographic barriers to providing access to ABA for treating problem behavior can be minimized. These findings support the potential for using telehealth to provide research-based behavioral treatment to any family that has access to the Internet.