RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Hearing Loss and Congenital CMV Infection: A Systematic Review
JF Pediatrics
JO Pediatrics
FD American Academy of Pediatrics
SP peds.2014-1173
DO 10.1542/peds.2014-1173
A1 Goderis, Julie
A1 De Leenheer, Els
A1 Smets, Koenraad
A1 Van Hoecke, Helen
A1 Keymeulen, Annelies
A1 Dhooge, Ingeborg
YR 2014
UL http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/10/21/peds.2014-1173.abstract
AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss caused by congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection was first observed in 1964. Today cCMV is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. Our objective was to provide an overview of the prevalence of cCMV-related hearing loss, to better define the nature of cCMV-associated hearing loss, and to investigate the importance of cCMV infection in hearing-impaired children.METHODS: Two reviewers independently used Medline and manual searches of references from eligible studies and review articles to select cohort studies on children with cCMV infection with audiological follow-up and extracted data on population characteristics and hearing outcomes.RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies were included: 10 population-based natural history studies, 14 longitudinal cohort studies, and 13 retrospective studies. The prevalence of cCMV in developed countries is 0.58% (95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.79). Among these newborns 12.6% (95% confidence interval, 10.2–16.5) will experience hearing loss: 1 out of 3 symptomatic children and 1 out of 10 asymptomatic children. Among symptomatic children, the majority have bilateral loss; among asymptomatic children, unilateral loss predominates. In both groups the hearing loss is mainly severe to profound. Hearing loss can have a delayed onset, and it is unstable, with fluctuations and progression. Among hearing-impaired children, cCMV is the causative agent in 10% to 20%. Despite strict selection criteria, some heterogeneity was found between selected studies.CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review underscores the importance of cCMV as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss in childhood.