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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Tdap Vaccine Effectiveness in Adolescents During the 2012 Washington State Pertussis Epidemic

Anna M. Acosta, Chas DeBolt, Azadeh Tasslimi, Melissa Lewis, Laurie K. Stewart, Lara K. Misegades, Nancy E. Messonnier, Thomas A. Clark, Stacey W. Martin and Manisha Patel
Pediatrics May 2015, peds.2014-3358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3358
Anna M. Acosta
aEpidemic Intelligence Service, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office,
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Chas DeBolt
cCommunicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
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Azadeh Tasslimi
cCommunicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
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Melissa Lewis
dBiostatistics Office, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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Laurie K. Stewart
cCommunicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
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Lara K. Misegades
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Nancy E. Messonnier
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Thomas A. Clark
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Stacey W. Martin
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Manisha Patel
bMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acellular pertussis vaccines replaced whole-cell vaccines for the 5-dose childhood vaccination series in 1997. A sixth dose of pertussis-containing vaccine, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap), was recommended in 2005 for adolescents and adults. Studies examining Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) among adolescents who have received all acellular vaccines are limited.

METHODS: To assess Tdap VE and duration of protection, we conducted a matched case-control study during the 2012 pertussis epidemic in Washington among adolescents born during 1993–2000. All pertussis cases reported from January 1 through June 30, 2012, in 7 counties were included; 3 controls were matched by primary provider clinic and birth year to each case. Vaccination histories were obtained through medical records, the state immunization registry, and parent interviews. Participants were classified by type of pertussis vaccine received on the basis of birth year: a mix of whole-cell and acellular vaccines (1993–1997) or all acellular vaccines (1998–2000). We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios comparing Tdap receipt between cases and controls.

RESULTS: Among adolescents who received all acellular vaccines (450 cases, 1246 controls), overall Tdap VE was 63.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50% to 74%). VE within 1 year of vaccination was 73% (95% CI: 60% to 82%). At 2 to 4 years postvaccination, VE declined to 34% (95% CI: −0.03% to 58%).

CONCLUSIONS: Tdap protection wanes within 2 to 4 years. Lack of long-term protection after vaccination is likely contributing to increases in pertussis among adolescents.

  • diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine
  • diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine
  • whooping cough
  • adolescent
  • Accepted March 16, 2015.
  • Copyright © 2015 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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Pediatrics
Vol. 147, Issue 1
1 Jan 2021
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Tdap Vaccine Effectiveness in Adolescents During the 2012 Washington State Pertussis Epidemic
Anna M. Acosta, Chas DeBolt, Azadeh Tasslimi, Melissa Lewis, Laurie K. Stewart, Lara K. Misegades, Nancy E. Messonnier, Thomas A. Clark, Stacey W. Martin, Manisha Patel
Pediatrics May 2015, peds.2014-3358; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3358

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Tdap Vaccine Effectiveness in Adolescents During the 2012 Washington State Pertussis Epidemic
Anna M. Acosta, Chas DeBolt, Azadeh Tasslimi, Melissa Lewis, Laurie K. Stewart, Lara K. Misegades, Nancy E. Messonnier, Thomas A. Clark, Stacey W. Martin, Manisha Patel
Pediatrics May 2015, peds.2014-3358; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3358
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