Mental Health Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease

Article Figures & Data

TABLE 1

Patient Population

TABLE 2

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, by Age and CHD Status

	Anxiety and/or Depression			ADHD
	All Patients with CHD (N = 1164), Anxiety and/or Depression n (%)	All Other Patients (N = 117 621), Anxiety and/or Depression n (%)	P	All Patients with CHD (N = 1164), ADHD n (%)	All Other Patients (N = 117 621), ADHD n (%)	P
Age 4–9	117 (16.5)	1949 (3.1)	<.05	22 (3.1)	868 (1.4)	<.05
Age 10–13	46 (18.9)	1863 (6.4)	<.05	20 (8.2)	855 (2.9)	<.05
Age 14–17	49 (23.3)	2276 (9.2)	<.05	17 (8.1)	676 (2.7)	<.05
Total	212 (18.2)	6088 (5.2)	<.05	59 (5.1)	2399 (2.1)	<.05

P values denote tests of equality of proportions for anxiety and/or depression and ADHD, within age groups, between patients with CHD and all other patients.

TABLE 3

Logistic Regressions, All Hospitalized and ED Patients <18 Years

	Anxiety and/or Depression			ADHD			Anxiety and/or Depression and ADHD
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P
Age	1.13	1.12–1.13	<.05	1.09	1.08–1.11	<.05	1.11	1.09–1.13	<.05
Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
Simple CHD	3.97	3.15–5.00	<.05	2.65	1.83–3.83	<.05	4.45	2.54–7.83	<.05
Complex NSV CHD	4.04	3.22–5.06	<.05	1.95	1.28–2.97	<.05	3.04	1.55–5.93	<.05
Complex SV CHD	5.24	2.73–10.06	<.05	1.59	0.38–6.66	.53	N/A	N/A	N/A
Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
NH Black	0.53	0.49–0.57	<.05	0.55	0.49–0.61	<.05	0.46	0.36–0.57	<.05
Hispanic	0.48	0.45–0.52	<.05	0.22	0.20–0.24	<.05	0.20	0.16–0.26	<.05
Asian American or other	0.67	0.58–0.77	<.05	0.14	0.10–0.21	<.05	0.17	0.08–0.36	<.05
Insurance type (reference: private)
Public	1.04	0.98–1.10	.24	1.68	1.53–1.84	<.05	1.50	1.24–1.81	<.05
Self-pay	0.47	0.41–0.55	<.05	0.37	0.28–0.51	<.05	0.21	0.09–0.47	<.05
Sex (reference: female)
Male	1.01	0.96–1.06	.69	2.11	1.94–2.30	<.05	1.87	1.57–2.23	<.05

TABLE 4

Logistic Regressions, Stratified by Age, Anxiety and/or Depression

	Youth Aged 4–9 y			Youth Aged 10–13 y			Youth Aged 14–17 y
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P
Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
Simple CHD	5.23	3.87–7.07	<.05	2.78	1.70–4.55	<.05	2.84	1.75–4.61	<.05
Complex NSV CHD	5.82	4.29–7.89	<.05	3.24	2.06–5.10	<.05	2.33	1.46–3.70	<.05
Complex SV CHD	7.46	3.70–15.07	<.05	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
NH Black	0.59	0.52–0.68	<.05	0.55	0.48–0.63	<.05	0.47	0.41–0.53	<.05
Hispanic	0.48	0.43–0.54	<.05	0.48	0.43–0.55	<.05	0.47	0.43–0.53	<.05
Asian American or other	0.54	0.42–0.69	<.05	0.61	0.47–0.80	<.05	0.97	0.76–1.23	.80
Insurance type (reference: Private)
Public	1.25	1.12–1.39	<.05	0.98	0.87–1.09	.65	0.91	0.82–1.00	.05
Self-pay	0.54	0.41–0.70	<.05	0.47	0.36–0.61	<.05	0.44	0.35–0.56	<.05
Sex (reference: female)
Male	1.05	0.96–1.15	.30	0.80	0.73–0.88	<.05	1.16	1.07–1.27	<.05

TABLE 5

Logistic Regressions, Stratified by Age, ADHD

	Youth Aged 4–9 y			Youth Aged 10–13 y			Youth Aged 14–17 y
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P
Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
Simple CHD	2.16	1.20–3.89	<.05	3.71	2.07–6.64	<.05	2.08	0.90–4.83	.09
Complex NSV CHD	2.02	1.07–3.84	<.05	1.45	0.63–3.35	.38	2.38	1.14–4.96	<.05
Complex SV CHD	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
NH Black	0.60	0.50–0.71	<.05	0.52	0.43–0.62	<.05	0.53	0.43–0.65	<.05
Hispanic	0.20	0.17–0.24	<.05	0.22	0.18–0.26	<.05	0.25	0.20–0.30	<.05
Asian American or other	0.14	0.08–0.25	<.05	0.13	0.06–0.26	<.05	0.17	0.07–0.38	<.05
Insurance type (reference: Private)
Public	1.85	1.58–2.17	<.05	1.68	1.43–1.97	<.05	1.47	1.23–1.75	<.05
Self-pay	0.34	0.19–0.59	<.05	0.37	0.22–0.61	<.05	0.42	0.25–0.70	<.05
Sex (reference: female)
Male	2.38	2.04–2.76	<.05	1.82	1.57–2.10	<.05	2.00	1.71–2.34	<.05