Skip to main content

Advertising Disclaimer »

Main menu

  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors/Reviewers
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
    • Reviewer Guidelines
    • Open Access
    • Editorial Policies
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Online First
    • Archive
    • Blogs
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • AAP Meeting Abstracts
  • Pediatric Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health
    • More Collections...
  • AAP Policy
  • Supplements
  • Multimedia
    • Video Abstracts
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
  • Other Publications
    • American Academy of Pediatrics

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
American Academy of Pediatrics

AAP Gateway

Advanced Search

AAP Logo

  • Log in
  • My Cart
  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors/Reviewers
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
    • Reviewer Guidelines
    • Open Access
    • Editorial Policies
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Online First
    • Archive
    • Blogs
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • AAP Meeting Abstracts
  • Pediatric Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health
    • More Collections...
  • AAP Policy
  • Supplements
  • Multimedia
    • Video Abstracts
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers

Discover Pediatric Collections on COVID-19 and Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health

American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Mental Health Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease

Vincent J. Gonzalez, Rachel T. Kimbro, Katherine E. Cutitta, John C. Shabosky, Mohammad F. Bilal, Daniel J. Penny and Keila N. Lopez
Pediatrics February 2021, 147 (2) e20201693; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1693
Vincent J. Gonzalez
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rachel T. Kimbro
bDepartment of Sociology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Katherine E. Cutitta
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John C. Shabosky
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohammad F. Bilal
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel J. Penny
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Keila N. Lopez
aDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • Additional Files
    • View popup
    TABLE 1

    Patient Population

    Patients With CHDPatients Without CHD
    All Patients 4–17 y (N = 118 785)1164117 621
    Age, y, n (%)
     4–9710 (61.0)63 015 (53.6)
     10–13244 (21.0)29 461 (25.1)
     14–17210 (18.0)25 145 (21.4)
    Male, n (%)661 (56.8)61 063 (52.0)
    Race and ethnicity, n (%)
     NH white456 (39.2)29 848 (25.4)
     NH Black170 (14.6)23 247 (19.8)
     Hispanic451 (38.8)57 592 (49.0)
     Asian American or other53 (4.6)4208 (3.6)
     Race missing34 (2.9)2726 (2.3)
    Insurance, n (%)
     Public571 (49.0)63 781 (54.2)
     Private564 (48.5)45 418 (38.6)
     Self-pay or international29 (2.5)8422 (7.2)
    CHD complexity, n (%)
     Simple555 (47.7)N/A
     Complex, NSV546 (46.9)N/A
     Complex, SV63 (5.4)N/A
    • NH, non-Hispanic; N/A, not applicable.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, by Age and CHD Status

    Anxiety and/or DepressionADHD
    All Patients with CHD (N = 1164), Anxiety and/or Depression n (%)All Other Patients (N = 117 621), Anxiety and/or Depression n (%)PAll Patients with CHD (N = 1164), ADHD n (%)All Other Patients (N = 117 621), ADHD n (%)P
    Age 4–9117 (16.5)1949 (3.1)<.0522 (3.1)868 (1.4)<.05
    Age 10–1346 (18.9)1863 (6.4)<.0520 (8.2)855 (2.9)<.05
    Age 14–1749 (23.3)2276 (9.2)<.0517 (8.1)676 (2.7)<.05
    Total212 (18.2)6088 (5.2)<.0559 (5.1)2399 (2.1)<.05
    • P values denote tests of equality of proportions for anxiety and/or depression and ADHD, within age groups, between patients with CHD and all other patients.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Logistic Regressions, All Hospitalized and ED Patients <18 Years

    Anxiety and/or DepressionADHDAnxiety and/or Depression and ADHD
    Odds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIP
    Age1.131.12–1.13<.051.091.08–1.11<.051.111.09–1.13<.05
    Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
     Simple CHD3.973.15–5.00<.052.651.83–3.83<.054.452.54–7.83<.05
     Complex NSV CHD4.043.22–5.06<.051.951.28–2.97<.053.041.55–5.93<.05
     Complex SV CHD5.242.73–10.06<.051.590.38–6.66.53N/AN/AN/A
    Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
     NH Black0.530.49–0.57<.050.550.49–0.61<.050.460.36–0.57<.05
     Hispanic0.480.45–0.52<.050.220.20–0.24<.050.200.16–0.26<.05
     Asian American or other0.670.58–0.77<.050.140.10–0.21<.050.170.08–0.36<.05
    Insurance type (reference: private)
     Public1.040.98–1.10.241.681.53–1.84<.051.501.24–1.81<.05
     Self-pay0.470.41–0.55<.050.370.28–0.51<.050.210.09–0.47<.05
    Sex (reference: female)
     Male1.010.96–1.06.692.111.94–2.30<.051.871.57–2.23<.05
    • NH, non-Hispanic; N/A, not applicable.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4

    Logistic Regressions, Stratified by Age, Anxiety and/or Depression

    Youth Aged 4–9 yYouth Aged 10–13 yYouth Aged 14–17 y
    Odds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIP
    Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
     Simple CHD5.233.87–7.07<.052.781.70–4.55<.052.841.75–4.61<.05
     Complex NSV CHD5.824.29–7.89<.053.242.06–5.10<.052.331.46–3.70<.05
     Complex SV CHD7.463.70–15.07<.05N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
    Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
     NH Black0.590.52–0.68<.050.550.48–0.63<.050.470.41–0.53<.05
     Hispanic0.480.43–0.54<.050.480.43–0.55<.050.470.43–0.53<.05
     Asian American or other0.540.42–0.69<.050.610.47–0.80<.050.970.76–1.23.80
    Insurance type (reference: Private)
     Public1.251.12–1.39<.050.980.87–1.09.650.910.82–1.00.05
     Self-pay0.540.41–0.70<.050.470.36–0.61<.050.440.35–0.56<.05
    Sex (reference: female)
     Male1.050.96–1.15.300.800.73–0.88<.051.161.07–1.27<.05
    • NH, non-Hispanic; N/A, not applicable.

    • View popup
    TABLE 5

    Logistic Regressions, Stratified by Age, ADHD

    Youth Aged 4–9 yYouth Aged 10–13 yYouth Aged 14–17 y
    Odds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIPOdds Ratio95% CIP
    Diagnosis (reference: non-CHD)
     Simple CHD2.161.20–3.89<.053.712.07–6.64<.052.080.90–4.83.09
     Complex NSV CHD2.021.07–3.84<.051.450.63–3.35.382.381.14–4.96<.05
     Complex SV CHDN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
    Race or ethnicity (reference: NH white)
     NH Black0.600.50–0.71<.050.520.43–0.62<.050.530.43–0.65<.05
     Hispanic0.200.17–0.24<.050.220.18–0.26<.050.250.20–0.30<.05
     Asian American or other0.140.08–0.25<.050.130.06–0.26<.050.170.07–0.38<.05
    Insurance type (reference: Private)
     Public1.851.58–2.17<.051.681.43–1.97<.051.471.23–1.75<.05
     Self-pay0.340.19–0.59<.050.370.22–0.61<.050.420.25–0.70<.05
    Sex (reference: female)
     Male2.382.04–2.76<.051.821.57–2.10<.052.001.71–2.34<.05
    • NH, non-Hispanic; N/A, not applicable.

Additional Files

  • Tables
  • Data Supplement

    • Supplemental Information
PreviousNext
Back to top

Advertising Disclaimer »

In this issue

Pediatrics
Vol. 147, Issue 2
1 Feb 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
View this article with LENS
PreviousNext
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Academy of Pediatrics.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Mental Health Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Academy of Pediatrics
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Academy of Pediatrics web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Request Permissions
Article Alerts
Log in
You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.
Or Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Citation Tools
Mental Health Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Vincent J. Gonzalez, Rachel T. Kimbro, Katherine E. Cutitta, John C. Shabosky, Mohammad F. Bilal, Daniel J. Penny, Keila N. Lopez
Pediatrics Feb 2021, 147 (2) e20201693; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-1693

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Mental Health Disorders in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Vincent J. Gonzalez, Rachel T. Kimbro, Katherine E. Cutitta, John C. Shabosky, Mohammad F. Bilal, Daniel J. Penny, Keila N. Lopez
Pediatrics Feb 2021, 147 (2) e20201693; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-1693
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Print
Download PDF
Insight Alerts
  • Table of Contents

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Limitations
    • Conclusions
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments

Related Articles

  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Relational, Emotional, and Pragmatic Attributes of Ethics Consultations at a Children’s Hospital
  • Verbal Autopsies for Out-of-Hospital Infant Deaths in Zambia
  • Uncertainty at the Limits of Viability: A Qualitative Study of Antenatal Consultations
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Subjects

  • Psychiatry/Psychology
    • Psychiatry/Psychology
  • Cardiology
    • Cardiology
    • Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Journal Info
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Policies
  • Overview
  • Licensing Information
  • Authors/Reviewers
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit My Manuscript
  • Open Access
  • Reviewer Guidelines
  • Librarians
  • Institutional Subscriptions
  • Usage Stats
  • Support
  • Contact Us
  • Subscribe
  • Resources
  • Media Kit
  • About
  • International Access
  • Terms of Use
  • Privacy Statement
  • FAQ
  • AAP.org
  • shopAAP
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Instagram
  • Visit American Academy of Pediatrics on Facebook
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Twitter
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Youtube
  • RSS
American Academy of Pediatrics

© 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics