October 2019, VOLUME 144 / ISSUE 4
Table of Contents
Articles
- Food Insecurity, Health, and Development in Children Under Age Four Years
Food insecurity among children <4 years of age is associated with poor health and development but not with obesity or underweight.
- Food Insecurity and Health Care Use
This observational study reveals higher ED use and school absenteeism and lower access to care among US children living in households with food insecurity.
- Food Insecurity and Child Health
In this study, we establish that food insecurity has independent and negative effects on children’s health.
- Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017
From the 2009 to 2017 NHIS, there was a 9.5% increase in the prevalence of developmental disabilities among children aged 3 to 17.
- Accuracy of Autism Screening in a Large Pediatric Network
In a primary care cohort that was universally screened and systematically followed-up, screening detected 39% of children with ASD, revealing lower accuracy than that of previous estimates.
- Screening and Referral Practices for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Pediatric Care
Autism-specific screening should lead to earlier diagnosis of ASD, but providers may need guidance to act on failed screens.
- Trends in Off-Label Drug Use in Ambulatory Settings: 2006–2015
Using nationally representative survey data from 2006 to 2015, in this study, we examined patterns of off-label systemic drug orders for children in ambulatory US settings.
- Rotavirus Epidemiology and Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Australia: 2010–2017
After a rotavirus outbreak, we describe overall rotavirus disease epidemiology and evaluate VE in Australia’s largest state using notification, genotypic, and immunization register data.
- HPV Vaccine Delivery Practices by Primary Care Physicians
In this article, we report current HPV delivery practices by primary care physicians, demonstrating areas for improvement in style and strength of recommendations and practice-based delivery methods.
- Polysomnography and Treatment-Related Outcomes of Childhood Sleep Apnea
Causal mediation analysis of treatment-related outcomes of OSA in children reveals limited benefit for the use of polysomnographic thresholds in its management.
- Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Childhood
In this study, we capture the associations between children with CDA identified by screening and emotional and behavioral problems in childhood.
- Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease Using Point-of-Care Testing in Low-Income Setting
The POC Sickle SCAN enhanced newborn screening in Haiti, making this an attractive strategy for low-income countries.
- Depression, Anxiety, and Emergency Department Use for Asthma
In a state all-payer claims database, children with asthma who had anxiety, depression, or comorbid anxiety and depression had higher asthma-related ED use.
- Feasibility and Accuracy of Fast MRI Versus CT for Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children
This study measured fast MRI completion rate, duration, and accuracy in 225 children who underwent head CT and received care at a pediatric ED.
- Changes in the Management of Children With Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUEs)
In this study, we evaluate changes in the management of BRUE after publication of a national practice guideline from a multicenter administrative data set.
- Pneumonia Prevention Strategies for Children With Neurologic Impairment
In children with NI at risk for severe pneumonia, dental care is the only prevention strategy associated with decreased risk of recurrent severe pneumonia.
- A Multistate Outbreak of E Coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Soy Nut Butter
This investigation identified a novel vehicle, a commercial soy nut butter, as the source of a multistate outbreak of STEC infections affecting mainly children.
- Racial Differences in Sepsis Recognition in the Emergency Department
We aimed to evaluate racial differences in pediatric sepsis recognition in a pediatric ED with an established electronic sepsis alert system.
- Neonatal CPAP for Respiratory Distress Across Malawi and Mortality
This quality-improvement initiative shows that scaling CPAP to all government hospitals in Malawi is feasible, reduces neonatal mortality, and can be sustained.
- Gender Differences in Earnings of Early- and Midcareer Pediatricians
In this study, we examine early- and midcareer pediatricians’ self-reported annual earnings in 2016 by gender.
- Gender Discrepancies Related to Pediatrician Work-Life Balance and Household Responsibilities
In this study, we examine experiences and satisfaction of pediatricians with their household responsibilities and work-life balance and how these experiences differ by gender.
From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics Perspectives
- Building Trust: Clergy and the Call to Eliminate Religious Exemptions
The AAP has prioritized eliminating religious vaccine exemptions. Clergy are key stakeholders with diverse vaccination views. Community-centered approaches are essential to building trust with them.
Monthly Features
Advocacy Case Study
- Complete Eats: Summer Meals Offered by the Emergency Department for Food Insecurity
How can community-clinical partnerships address food insecurity? This advocacy case study describes the implementation and evaluation of the summer meal program in an ED.
Review Articles
- Screening Children for Social Determinants of Health: A Systematic Review
In this systematic review, we catalog SDOH screening tools used among children and evaluate how the tools detect early indicators of risk and inform care.
- Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis
In this meta-analysis of 39 samples, we synthesize the evidence on parenting behavior and the development of children’s language skills.
- The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Structure and Function in Youth: A Systematic Review
In this article, we present a qualitative systematic review of MRI studies in which the impact of physical activity on brain structure and function in youth have been examined.
State-of-the-Art Review Article
- Moving Beyond the Stethoscope: Diagnostic Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Pediatric Practice
We describe the current and emerging use of diagnostic POCUS by noncardiology and nonradiology clinicians in the care of pediatric patients.
Special Articles
- ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines: A Historical Perspective
This article is about the history of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and its relevance to the development of ADHD guidelines for primary pediatric clinicians.
Ethics Rounds
- Failure to Provide Adequate Palliative Care May Be Medical Neglect
Parents have an ethical and legal obligation to provide appropriate medical care for their children. Does this include their provision of appropriate palliative treatments?
Quality Reports
- Improving Emergency Department Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children
Through the implementation of POC testing, this study dramatically reduced DKA diagnostic time, IV placements, and ED LOS for children with diabetes.
- Reducing Streptococcal Testing in Patients <3 Years Old in an Emergency Department
A QI project aimed at reducing RSTs in the ED in patients aged <3 years.
Case Reports
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae Carriage With De Novo Macrolide-Resistance and Breakthrough Pneumonia
We report a case of chronic Mycoplasma pneumoniae carriage with de novo macrolide-resistance mutations in an immunocompromised child enabling a breakthrough invasive pulmonary infection.
- Congenital Syphilis Misdiagnosed as Suspected Nonaccidental Trauma
CS presented as a long bone fracture. Current prenatal screening guidelines are reviewed with arguments to consider their re-evaluation given rising rates of syphilis.
- Successful Medical Management of Life-threatening Hepatic Hemangioma in Neonates
Complicated HHs carry a high risk of morbidity; we report 2 cases of life-threatening HH that were managed successfully with medical therapies.
Commentaries