May 2019, VOLUME 143 / ISSUE 5
Table of Contents
Articles
- Breastfeeding in Infancy and Lipid Profile in Adolescence
In the prospective birth cohort Children of 1997, exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy is associated with lower LDL-C but not adiposity at 17 years.
- Parents’ Perspectives Regarding Age Restrictions for Tackling in Youth Football
Investigators conducted a nationally representative survey of parents to determine popular support for instituting age restrictions on tackling in youth football.
- WIC Food Package Changes: Trends in Childhood Obesity Prevalence
We analyzed whether the 2009 change to the WIC food package was associated with reduced childhood obesity among WIC participants, a low-income, vulnerable population.
- Antibiotic Prescribing During Pediatric Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits
Using claims from a large national commercial health plan, we examine antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory illnesses during pediatric DTC telemedicine visits.
- Postvaccination Febrile Seizure Severity and Outcome
This prospective cohort study is used to examine FSs in children aged ≤6 years in Australia, comparing severity and outcomes of VP-FSs to NVP-FSs.
- Sleep-Related Infant Suffocation Deaths Attributable to Soft Bedding, Overlay, and Wedging
In this study, we describe characteristics of SUID classified as explained suffocation, per the CDC’s classification system, by mechanism of airway obstruction (soft bedding, overlay, or wedging).
- Blood Lead Levels Among Resettled Refugee Children in Select US States, 2010–2014
We present an examination of BLLs among a cohort of refugee children living in the United States by country of overseas medical examination and other variables.
- Home Oxygen and 2-Year Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
In this propensity score–matched study of infants with BPD, discharge on oxygen was associated with increased resource use and not with improved developmental outcomes.
- Self-Reported Use of Tobacco, E-cigarettes, and Marijuana Versus Urinary Biomarkers
In this study, we compared adolescent self-reported tobacco, e-cigarette, and marijuana use to urinary biomarkers, and patterns of use were correlated with higher cotinine and THCA levels.
- Lifestyle Behavior and Mental Health in Early Adolescence
Through linkage of lifestyle survey and administrative health data, this study captures the potential benefits of meeting lifestyle recommendations in childhood for adolescent mental health.
- Disparities in Inpatient Intensity of End-of-Life Care for Complex Chronic Conditions
This California administrative database study reveals the rates of and clinical and socioeconomic disparities in inpatient end-of-life care intensity in children with CCCs.
- Sleeve Gastrectomy for Youth With Cognitive Impairment or Developmental Disability
In this article, we examine the association of cognitive functioning and weight loss outcomes in adolescents with obesity undergoing LSG.
- Provisional Validation of a Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings
In this study, we provide an assessment of the validity of a resource-limited PEWS to identify children at risk for clinical deterioration in a low-resource setting.
- A Novel Icterometer for Hyperbilirubinemia Screening in Low-Resource Settings
In this study, we report on the diagnostic accuracy of the Bili-ruler, a novel, low-cost icterometer, to screen for hyperbilirubinemia in low-resource settings.
- Missed Opportunities for Rotavirus Vaccination
Using the 2014 NIS, we describe risk factors for being unvaccinated for rotavirus as well as missed opportunities for rotavirus vaccination.
- Genetic and Early-Life Environmental Influences on Dental Caries Risk: A Twin Study
In this longitudinal twin study, environmental rather than genetic factors predict dental caries risk, and modifiable risk factors are present from the prenatal period onward.
- Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Infancy and Academic and Self-Regulation Outcomes
With this study, we explore how the timing of children’s exposure to socioeconomic disadvantages relates to different aspects of the children’s development.
- Mediators of Improved Adherence to Infant Safe Sleep Using a Mobile Health Intervention
This mediation analysis was conducted to determine mediators of improvements in infant SS practices in an effective mHealth intervention.
- Platelet Transfusion for PDA Closure in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
In this RCT, we evaluated a liberal platelet-transfusion strategy as a novel therapeutic intervention for hs-PDA among thrombocytopenic preterm infants.
- Gestational Age, Birth Weight, and Outcomes Six Years After the Norwood Procedure
Controlling for the overlapping and competing risks of lower gestational age and birth weight demonstrates they have independent effects on different outcomes in HLHS.
- Foreign-Body Ingestions of Young Children Treated in US Emergency Departments: 1995–2015
In this study, we describe the epidemiology of FBIs of children <6 years of age who presented to US EDs between 1995 and 2015.
- Maternal Immigrant Status and Readiness to Transition to Home From the NICU
The needs and perceptions of immigrant families with preterm infants during the transition from hospital to home are explored.
- Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients’ Experiences With Treatment Decision-making
This study surveyed 203 AYAs with newly diagnosed cancer to evaluate decision-making preferences, decisional engagement, and regret.
- Psychotropic Medication Use in Parents of Children Diagnosed With Cancer
Using national registries, we conducted the first population-based study to objectively examine the risk for antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics in parents of children with cancer.
- Health Care Use Over 3 Years After Adolescent SBIRT
Providing SBIRT for adolescents in primary care may help reduce health care use and medical, mental health, and substance use comorbidities.
- Long-term Methimazole Therapy in Juvenile Graves’ Disease: A Randomized Trial
This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LT methimazole treatment and to compare remission rates in patients after LT and ST therapy.
From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics Perspectives
Monthly Feature
Review Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Systematic Review
In this systematic review, we investigate the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis for RSV stratified by setting and infant population subgroups relevant to health-policy decision-making.
State-of-the-Art Review Article
- Teenagers, Sexting, and the Law
Teen sexting is common. State and federal law vary considerably. We argue that consensual teen sexting is an educational not a law enforcement issue.
Special Article
- Research Gaps in Primary Pediatric Hypertension
Drawing on an expert meeting in 2017, we describe current practices in diagnosing and treating pediatric hypertension and propose ways to fill research gaps.
Ethics Rounds
- Infant With Trisomy 18 and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Doctors must decide what to do when parents demand cardiac surgery for an infant with trisomy 18 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Quality Reports
- Improving Care for Sickle Cell Pain Crisis Using a Multidisciplinary Approach
Through implementation of a unique multidisciplinary program including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, hospital days decreased by 61% for children with SCD VOC.
- Reduction in Unintended Extubations in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Multiple interventions employed over 2 epochs were used to reduce the rate of UEs in the NICU from a mean of 1.75 to 0.68 events per 100 ventilation days.
Diagnostic Dilemmas
- A Healthy Toddler With Fever and Lethargy
A 21-month-old girl with a recent history of fever presented with lethargy and was diagnosed with a well-known condition secondary to a rare disorder.
Case Reports
- Tofacitinib Treatment of Refractory Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib may be an effective oral alternative to available biologics for treatment of refractory sJIA.
- Beyond an Obvious Cause of Cholestasis in a Toddler: Compound Heterozygosity for ABCB11 Mutations
A 27-month-old girl with severe cholestasis, a compound heterozygote for PFIC2-associated and BRIC2-associated ABCB11 mutations, over 5 years developed cirrhosis necessitating liver transplant.
- Colchicine: An Impressive Effect on Posttransplant Capillary Leak Syndrome and Renal Failure
In this article, we show the efficacy of colchicine in posttransplant AKI due to CLS, only palliated by surgical drainages and CRRT, in 2 pediatric life-threatening cases.
Commentaries