August 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 2
Table of Contents
Articles
- Rural Versus Urban Hospitalizations for Firearm Injuries in Children and Adolescents
In this study, we compare rates of hospitalizations for firearm injuries in children and adolescents between rural and urban areas of the United States.
- Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions for Children and Opioid-Related Adverse Events
We studied outpatient prescribing in a large population of Tennessee Medicaid children without severe conditions and calculated the incidence of subsequent opioid-related adverse events.
- Social Aspects of Hookah Smoking Among US Youth
Hookah smoking among youth is a public health concern with deep sociocultural underpinnings. We investigated the social aspects of hookah smoking among US adolescents.
- Trends in Abstaining From Substance Use in Adolescents: 1975–2014
In this study, we investigate the trends in nonuse of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana and complete abstinence among HS students over the past 40 years.
- Adults’ Perceptions of Nicotine Harm to Children
Although the majority of American adults characterized nicotine as being definitely harmful to children, there are important subgroup differences.
- The Effect of Lowering Public Insurance Income Limits on Hospitalizations for Low-Income Children
Using 3 eligibility scenarios, we describe how reductions in income limits for public insurance affects hospitalizations of children currently insured publicly.
- Federal Parity and Spending for Mental Illness
In this study, we estimate the impact of the MHPAEA on mental health service use and spending among children.
- Health of Infants After ART-Treated, Subfertile, and Fertile Deliveries
With this population-based study, we assessed health outcomes of infants born to fertile, subfertile, and ART-treated mothers in Massachusetts.
- The Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free Products for Children
This analysis of child-targeted packaged foods reveals that the GF label does not signal a nutritionally superior product. Most of these products are high in sugar.
- Parents’ Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Children’s Behavioral Health Problems
Data from a national survey of families revealed that parents with a history of many ACEs are more likely to have children with behavioral health problems.
- Clinical Implications of the Revised AAP Pediatric Hypertension Guidelines
We evaluated the impact of the new pediatric hypertension guidelines on hypertension prevalence and associations with TOD.
- High Blood Pressure at Early School Age Among Extreme Preterms
Former EPT infants of normal weight or overweight at early school age are at risk for high BP, indicating a need for postdischarge surveillance.
- Blood Pressure Thresholds and Mortality in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
In this study, through our analysis of the NTDB, we examine early SBP thresholds and mortality after severe pediatric TBI.
- Drinking or Smoking While Breastfeeding and Later Cognition in Children
Using data from the LSAC, we examine relationships between maternal drinking and smoking while breastfeeding and children’s cognitive outcomes.
- Out-of-Home Care and Subsequent Preterm Delivery: An Intergenerational Cohort Study
With national population data and information across 3 generations, we assessed the association between maternal early-life adverse experience and preterm delivery.
- Factors Associated With Refusal of Intramuscular Vitamin K in Normal Newborns
The frequency of IM vitamin K administration refusal in a national network of well newborn units in the United States was 0.6%.
- Frequency of Pediatric Emergencies in Ambulatory Practices
Through verification of EMS data, we objectively characterize the frequency and etiology of pediatric emergencies in ambulatory practices in a metropolitan area.
- Adverse Events in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Rates of safety events in hospitalized children did not improve from 2007 to 2012.
- HIV and Syphilis Screening Among Adolescents Diagnosed With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
In this retrospective cohort study, we used the PHIS database to demonstrate that adolescents with PID are underscreened for HIV and syphilis.
- Visual and Hearing Impairments After Preterm Birth
In this large national register study, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors of sensory impairments among prematurely born children.
- Complex Care Hospital Use and Postdischarge Coaching: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Hospital use and charges were reduced by a caregiver coaching intervention used to support care of patient crises and discharge transitions.
- Placental Abruption and Child Mortality
On the basis of high-quality Finnish register data, we demonstrate a significant impact of placental abruption on overall offspring mortality, even beyond the perinatal period.
- Heterotaxy Syndrome and Intestinal Rotation Abnormalities
In this study, 72% of evaluated infants with HS had IRAs. There was no failure of expectant management resulting in midgut volvulus.
From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics Perspectives
Family Partnerships
Monthly Feature
- Angel Unaware and Down Syndrome Awareness
Dale Evans’ 1953 book, Angel Unaware, called for a new appreciation of children with DS and led to changes in attitudes regarding the condition.
Review Articles
- Language Disorders and Problem Behaviors: A Meta-analysis
We meta-analyzed 47 studies in which authors investigated the association between language disorders and problem behaviors and found a moderate effect size that changes over development.
- Children’s Perspectives on Living With a Sibling With a Chronic Illness
In this review, we synthesize the experiences of healthy siblings living with a sibling who has a PCI, producing 2 overarching themes and 5 subthemes.
- Human and Bovine Colostrum for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Meta-analysis
In this study, we summarized the evidence of effectiveness and safety for human and bovine colostrum for prevention of NEC in preterm infants.
State-of-the-Art Review Article
- Pediatricians and Global Health: Opportunities and Considerations for Meaningful Engagement
In this review, we describe opportunities, resources, and important personal and professional considerations for US-based pediatric practitioners who are engaged in GCH.
Ethics Rounds
- Research Consent at the Age of Majority: Preferable but not Obligatory
There are important reasons for researchers to seek consent when participants turn 18 years old, but these must be balanced with scientific priorities.
- Reconsidering the Need for Reconsent at 18
In this article, we challenge the prevailing view that researchers must attempt to obtain consent at 18 years of age to continue doing research with stored samples.
Quality Reports
- Successful Chest Radiograph Reduction by Using Quality Improvement Methodology for Children With Asthma
Through QI methodology and targeted interventions, we describe the achievement of sustained CXR reduction for pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations.
- Integrating Psychological Screening Into Medical Care for Youth With Abdominal Pain
This project reveals how to increase psychological screening rates for youth with abdominal pain and improve care for such youth on the basis of screening results.
Case Reports
- Altered Mental Status at High Altitude
We present unique cases of altered mental status at a high-elevation trauma 1 center.
- Rectal Levothyroxine for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: A Case Study
Hypothyroidism requires treatment to prevent complications. When absolute fasting is needed, an alternative route of drug administration is warranted. Rectal L-T4 is a possible alternative.
- Nonalimental Scurvy With Relapse Symptoms After Stopping Oral Vitamin C Supplementation
On the basis of a history of a child with scurvy showing relapse symptoms after stopping treatment, we capture possible individual differences of vitamin C homeostasis.
Commentaries