January 2018, VOLUME 141 / ISSUE 1
Table of Contents
Articles
- Trajectories of E-Cigarette and Conventional Cigarette Use Among Youth
In this study, we examine predictive longitudinal relationships between past-month cigarette and e-cigarette use across 3 waves by using high school survey data.
- Persistent Opioid Use Among Pediatric Patients After Surgery
Through a national sample of adolescents and young adults, we investigated the incidence of persistent opioid use after common pediatric surgeries.
- Exemptions From Mandatory Immunization After Legally Mandated Parental Counseling
This article is the first in which the impact of parental counseling and signature requirements for obtaining vaccine exemptions at the state-level has been evaluated.
- The Missing Siblings of Infants Born Preterm
Population-wide register data reveals that having a preterm child reduces the number of subsequent siblings and the final number of children in the family.
- Increased Medicaid Payment and Participation by Office-Based Primary Care Pediatricians
Office-based primary care pediatricians increased their participation in the Medicaid program from before to after the 2013–2014 Medicaid primary care fee increase.
- Age at Menarche, Depression, and Antisocial Behavior in Adulthood
By using a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of American women, we examined long-term associations of age at menarche with depression and antisocial behavior in adulthood.
- Prenatal Paternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Use and Risk of ADHD in Offspring
Using data from a nationwide register in Denmark, we examined the effect of paternal use of SSRIs before conception on the risk of ADHD in children.
- Risk of Rotavirus Nosocomial Spread After Inpatient Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccination
This study assesses RV5 coverage, shedding of wild-type and vaccine-type rotavirus strains, and nosocomial transmission among infants hospitalized in an intensive care setting.
- Preterm Birth, Poverty, and Cognitive Development
In this cohort study, we investigated whether relationships between preterm and early term birth and children’s cognitive scores up to 7 years old were modified by childhood poverty.
- Pediatric Injuries Related to Window Blinds, Shades, and Cords
In this study, we investigate the epidemiology of window blind–related injuries, and specifically window cord–related strangulations, among US children younger than 6 years of age.
- BMI Trajectories Associated With Resolution of Elevated Youth BMI and Incident Adult Obesity
In this cohort study, we used 31 years of data collection and a novel analytical approach to explore life course trajectories leading to the incidence or resolution of high BMI.
- Reading Aloud and Child Development: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Brazil
This cluster-randomized trial shows that a parenting program promoting reading aloud enhanced child language and cognitive development in a low-income community in Brazil.
- Provider Perspectives on Use of Medical Marijuana in Children With Cancer
As more states legalize MM, we explore provider practices, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding legal MM use in children with cancer.
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity
We decomposed racial and/or ethnic disparities in preschool-aged children’s BMI z scores according to contributing socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors to highlight modifiable risk factors that could be prioritized in interventions.
- An Integrated Clinic-Community Partnership for Child Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Pilot Trial
This study was a randomized controlled trial in which we tested the feasibility and effectiveness of child obesity treatment, which was delivered through a clinic-community partnership with Durham Parks and Recreation.
- Adolescent Loss-of-Control Eating and Weight Loss Maintenance After Bariatric Surgery
In this study, we describe the course of LOC eating in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery and its association with long-term weight outcomes.
- Astrovirus Infection and Diarrhea in 8 Countries
We present evidence of astrovirus burden in vulnerable communities and suggestive protective immunity to infection, incentivizing ongoing vaccine development for viral gastroenteritis in young children.
- Trends in Regionalization of Hospital Care for Common Pediatric Conditions
In this study of >252 million hospital encounters between 2006 and 2013, we document the increasing regionalization of pediatric care.
- Trends in Executive Functioning in Extremely Preterm Children Across 3 Birth Eras
In this article, we report changes in EF at school age in geographical cohorts of EP/ELBW children born from the 1990s to 2005.
- Cerebral Palsy in Extremely Preterm Infants
Lifetime prevalence of CP at 6.5 years in children born EP was 10.5%. Although 76% were ambulatory, 55% had severe disability.
- Retrospective Consent in a Neonatal Randomized Controlled Trial
The authors of this study found that using retrospective consent in an RCT improved recruitment and altered study population demographics, potentially affecting outcomes and applicability to practice.
- How Parents of Children With Cancer Learn About Their Children’s Prognosis
In this prospective cohort study, we identify parents’ preferred sources of prognostic information and assess whether particular sources are associated with prognostic accuracy.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction
We conducted a secondary data analysis of 2 trials to collect prospective measurements of BBD to determine independent risk factors.
- Positive Change in Feedback Perceptions and Behavior: A 10-Year Follow-up Study
Ethnographic data from 2007 to 2017 suggest that changes in the context of pediatric education afforded positive change in perceptions of feedback and feedback behavior.
Pediatrics Perspectives
Monthly Feature
Review Articles
- Lactobacillus reuteri to Treat Infant Colic: A Meta-analysis
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 effectively reduces crying in breastfed infants with colic; these are the most definitive conclusions to date from an IPDMA.
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Very Preterm/Very Low Birth Weight: A Meta-analysis
In this meta-analytic study, we document that VP/VLBW infants have a higher risk of later ADHD, defined both categorically and dimensionally.
- Maternal Smoking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: A Meta-analysis
Causes of ADHD are complex, and our meta-analysis revealed that prenatal nicotine exposure may be implicated in the development of ADHD.
State-of-the-Art Review Article
- Pediatric Disorders of Orthostatic Intolerance
Pediatric OI is common, comprising physiological perturbations as well as diseases. We define, describe, and discuss forms of OI, their treatment, and prognosis.
Ethics Rounds
- Considering Family Resources When Making Medical Recommendations
This Ethics Rounds article discusses whether to consider a family’s economic circumstances when recommending an expensive treatment.
Quality Reports
- Standardizing the Evaluation of Nonaccidental Trauma in a Large Pediatric Emergency Department
A quality improvement intervention to decrease provider variation for NAT evaluation in the PED proved successful.
- Improving Time to Antibiotic Administration for Bone Marrow Transplant Patients With First Fever
In this study, we explore the interventions used to improve the time in which febrile BMT patients receive their first dose of antibiotic.
Diagnostic Dilemmas
- An Unusual Case of Abdominal Pain and Hyponatremia in a 16-Year-Old Girl With Disordered Eating
This diagnostic dilemma explores the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in a teenager with anxiety, disordered eating, and hyponatremia.
Case Reports
- Digital Ischemia After Application of Self-Adherent Elastic Wrap Dressing: A Case Series
Through 5 case examples, this study describes finger injuries ranging from skin blistering to amputation secondary to tight circumferential application of self-adherent elastic wrap dressings.
- SIADH in Systemic JIA Resolving After Treatment With an IL-6 Inhibitor
SIADH improved in a patient with SJIA after treatment with an IL-6 inhibitor, supporting the implication of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SJIA and SIADH.
- Acute Lung Toxicity After Intralesional Bleomycin Sclerotherapy
In this article, we report the second case of lung toxicity observed after bleomycin intralesional administration, and the one reported after the lowest dose of the drug to date.
- A Drug Regimen for Progressive Familial Cholestasis Type 2
PFIC2 is a familial cholestatic syndrome resulting from the failure of the BSEP to excrete bile salts from hepatocytes into bile. A 3-drug regimen has normalized the phenotype of reported patients.
Commentaries