Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Peds and FPs’ reported practices to address vaccine hesitancy and refusal (n = 534). aP < .05 for Mantel-Haenszel χ2 for overall comparison.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Comparison of Respondents and Nonrespondents and Additional Characteristics of Respondents’ Practices
Characteristic Total Respondents, n = 534 Total Nonrespondents, n = 281 Peds Respondent, n = 282 FP Respondent, n = 252 Male gender, %a 45 55 40 52 Age, y, mean (SD) 51.6 (10.3) 51.5 (9.9) 51.1 (10.4) 52.3 (10.2) Region of the country, %a Midwest 24 25 21 28 Northeast 21 16 22 20 South 32 41 34 30 West 23 18 24 22 Practice location, % Urban, inner city 35 32 43 27 Urban, non–inner city/suburban 46 47 44 48 Rural 19 21 12 26 Practice setting, % Private practice 75 76 78 72 Community or hospital based 19 20 16 23 HMO or MCO 6 4 6 6 State has philosophical exemptiona 54 44 53 56 Difficulty of exemption Easy 27 22 30 25 Medium 43 43 41 46 Difficult 30 35 29 30 Median providers in practice, n 5 6 5 Proportion of VFC participants, % 79 — 84 71 Proportion of patients <2 y, % <10 40 — 7 76 10–24 31 — 40 21 25–49 25 — 44 3 ≥50 5 — 9 0 Proportion of privately insured patients, % 0–24 20 — 17 23 25–49 21 — 21 21 ≥50 59 — 61 56 Proportion of Medicaid/SCHIP patients, % 0–24 58 — 51 67 25–49 21 — 26 16 ≥50 21 — 23 17 Proportion of uninsured patients, % 0–24 96 — 98 93 25–49 3 — 2 5 ≥50 1 — 0 2 Patient race/ethnicity, % Black/African American <10 51 — 45 59 Black/African American ≥10 49 55 41 Hispanic/Latino <10 53 — 46 61 Hispanic/Latino ≥10 47 54 39 Asian/Pacific Islander <10 83 — 77 90 Asian/Pacific Islander >10% 17 — 23 10 Columns may not add to 100% due to rounding. MCO, managed care organization; SCHIP, State Children’s Health Insurance Plan; VFC, Vaccines for Children program. —, information not available for non-respondents.
↵a P < .05 for comparison of respondents and nonrespondents.
- TABLE 2
Percentage of Peds Who Report Often or Always Dismissing Families for Refusing ≥1 Infant Vaccines Related to Presence of a Philosophical Exemption and Degree of Difficulty for Obtaining a Non-medical Exemption in the Ped’s State of Practice.
State Allows Philosophical Exemption, n = 140 (53%), % (n) State Does Not Allow Philosophical Exemptions, n = 124 (47%), % (n) P Degree of Difficulty Obtaining Exemption P Easy, n = 77 (29%), % (n) Medium, n = 111 (42%), % (n) Difficult, n = 76 (29%), % (n) Physician reports often or always dismissing families for refusing vaccines 9 (12) 34 (42) <.0001 12 (9) 22 (24) 28 (21) .01 States allowing philosophical exemptions: AZ, AR, CA, CO, ID, LA, ME, MI, MN, NM, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI. States with easy exemption policies: AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, MD, MO, ND, OR, RI, VT, WA, WI. States with medium exemption policies: AK, DC, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, ME, MA, MI, NV, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, SD, TN. States with difficult exemption policies: AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IA, KY, MN, MT, NE, NH, NM, SC, TX, UT, VA, WY (MS and WV were classified as difficult because they do not allow any nonmedical exemptions).
- TABLE 3
Characteristics of Peds Who Report Often or Always Dismissing Families for Refusing ≥1 Vaccines in the Infant Series
Characteristic Bivariable OR (95% CI) P Multivariable OR (95% CI) P Age, per 10 y 1.16 (0.87–1.54) .32 Gender Female Ref. .34 Male 1.35 (0.73–2.47) Practice location Urban Ref. .18 Rural 0.48 (0.16–1.42) Setting Private practice 5.04 (1.51–16.86) .01 4.90 (1.40–17.19) .01 Community or hospital-based/HMO Ref. Ref. State allows philosophical exemptiona No 5.46 (2.72–10.99) <.0001 3.70 (1.74–7.85) .0007 Yes Ref. Ref. Difficulty in obtaining exemptionb Difficult or medium 2.39 (1.11–5.18) .03 Easy Ref. Region Midwest 2.47 (0.59–10.40) .0006 1.24 (0.28–5.57) .04 Northeast 7.03 (1.93–25.64) 3.08 (0.78–12.16) South 9.19 (2.66–31.82) 4.07 (1.08–15.31) West Ref. Ref. OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference.
↵a States allowing philosophical exemptions: AZ, AR, CA, CO, ID, LA, ME, MI, MN, NM, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI.
↵b States with easy exemption policies: AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, MD, MO, ND, OR, RI, VT, WA, WI. States with medium exemption policies: AK, DC, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, ME, MA, MI, NV, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, SD, TN. States with difficult exemption policies: AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IA, KY, MN, MT, NE, NH, NM, SC, TX, UT, VA, WY (MS and WV were classified as difficult because they do not allow any nonmedical exemptions).
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