Article Figures & Data
Tables
Drug Metabolite Window of Detection Comments Alcohol Alcohol 7–12 h Ethyl succinate and ethyl glucuronide can persist in the urine up to 5 d after heavy alcohol use. However, use of hand sanitizer, mouthwash, cough syrup, etc, can result in low levels without “alcohol use.” Ethyl succinate, ethyl glucuronide Up to 5 d Amphetamines Amphetamine (AMP) MAMP 1–3 d Note that methylphenidate is not detected on a routine amphetamine panel; therefore, a positive amphetamine test result cannot be explained by use of a methylphenidate preparation. Methamphetamine (MAMP) >100 ng/mL of AMP+MAMP 1–2 d 3,4-MethylenediozyAMP MDA 1–2 d 3,4-MethylenediozyMAMP MDMA 1–2 d Barbiturates Pento/secobarbital Secobarbital Short-acting, 4–6 d Butalbital Secobarbital Intermediate, 3–8 d Phenobarbital Secobarbital Long-acting, 10–30 d Benzodiazepines Triazolam Hydroxyethyl flurazepam Short-acting, 1 d Most benzodiazepine screens identify oxazepam and will not pick up all benzodiazepines. If evaluating a patient for benzodiazepine use, it is important to find the specific drug on the test panel or speak with the laboratory personnel. Clonazepam 7-amino Clonazepam Intermediate, 1–12.5 d Diazepam Oxazepam Long-acting, 5–8 d Chronic use Can last 30 d after last use Cocaine Benzoylecgonine 1–3 d Cannabinoids Carboxy-THC Single use, 1–3 d Note that synthetic cannabinoids will not be picked up on a cannabinoid screen. If use of synthetic cannabinoids is suspected, speak to the laboratory regarding availability of tests for these substances. Moderate use, 4 d; heavy use, 10 d Chronic, 3–5 wk after last use Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Nor-LSD 4 h Methadone Methadone and metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine 1 d–1 wk Opiates Morphine (M) Morphine 1–2 d Codeine (C) Morphine and codeine 1–2 d Semisynthetic opiates Hydrocodone 1–2 d Hydromorphone 1–2 d Oxycodone 1–3 d Oxymorphone 1.5–2.5 d Heroin 6-acetyl-morphine +morphine <24 h up to 1–2 d 6-acetyl-morphine is pathognomonic for heroin use but has a narrow time window and is most often not detected on a drug test. A test that is positive for morphine outside of the use of prescribed morphine is suggestive of heroin use. Phencyclidine (PCP) Phencyclidine Casual use, 2–10 d Chronic use, several weeks
In this issue
Jump to section
- Article
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Specimen Types
- Urine Drug Tests
- Indications for Drug Testing
- Therapy and Monitoring
- Screening
- Home Drug Testing
- School Clearance
- Sources of Error in Interpreting Urine Drug Tests
- Urine Specimen Collection
- Confidentiality
- Management
- Summary
- Lead Authors
- Committee on Substance Abuse, 2013–2014
- Liaisons
- Staff
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics
- Comments