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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants

Robert J. Schroth, Christopher Lavelle, Robert Tate, Sharon Bruce, Ronald J. Billings and Michael E.K. Moffatt
Pediatrics May 2014, 133 (5) e1277-e1284; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2215
Robert J. Schroth
Departments of aPreventive Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry,
bPediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine,
cThe Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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Christopher Lavelle
dOral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry,
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Robert Tate
eCommunity Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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Sharon Bruce
eCommunity Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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Ronald J. Billings
fDivision of Community Dentistry and Oral Disease Prevention, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Michael E.K. Moffatt
cThe Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
eCommunity Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Inadequate maternal vitamin D (assessed by using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) levels during pregnancy may affect tooth calcification, predisposing enamel hypoplasia and early childhood caries (ECC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between prenatal 25OHD concentrations and dental caries among offspring during the first year of life.

METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited expectant mothers from an economically disadvantaged urban area. A prenatal questionnaire was completed and serum sample drawn for 25OHD. Dental examinations were completed at 1 year of age while the parent/caregiver completed a questionnaire. The examiner was blinded to mothers’ 25OHD levels. A P value ≤ .05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: Overall, 207 women were enrolled (mean age: 19 ± 5 years). The mean 25OHD level was 48 ± 24 nmol/L, and 33% had deficient levels. Enamel hypoplasia was identified in 22% of infants; 23% had cavitated ECC, and 36% had ECC when white spot lesions were included in the assessment. Mothers of children with ECC had significantly lower 25OHD levels than those whose children were caries-free (41 ± 20 vs 52 ± 27 nmol/L; P = .05). Univariate Poisson regression analysis for the amount of untreated decay revealed an inverse relationship with maternal 25OHD. Logistic regression revealed that enamel hypoplasia (P < .001), infant age (P = .002), and lower prenatal 25OHD levels (P = .02) were significantly associated with ECC.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that maternal prenatal 25OHD levels may have an influence on the primary dentition and the development of ECC.

  • early childhood caries
  • enamel hypoplasia
  • infant
  • vitamin D
  • Accepted January 30, 2014.
  • Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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Pediatrics
Vol. 133, Issue 5
1 May 2014
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Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants
Robert J. Schroth, Christopher Lavelle, Robert Tate, Sharon Bruce, Ronald J. Billings, Michael E.K. Moffatt
Pediatrics May 2014, 133 (5) e1277-e1284; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2215

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Prenatal Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Infants
Robert J. Schroth, Christopher Lavelle, Robert Tate, Sharon Bruce, Ronald J. Billings, Michael E.K. Moffatt
Pediatrics May 2014, 133 (5) e1277-e1284; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2215
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