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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Pregnancy and Infant Neuropsychological Development

Eva Morales, Mònica Guxens, Sabrina Llop, Clara L. Rodríguez-Bernal, Adonina Tardón, Isolina Riaño, Jesús Ibarluzea, Nerea Lertxundi, Mercedes Espada, Agueda Rodriguez and Jordi Sunyer
Pediatrics October 2012, 130 (4) e913-e920; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3289
Eva Morales
aCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
bHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
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Mònica Guxens
aCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
bHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
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Sabrina Llop
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
dCentro Superior de Investigación en Salud Publica (CSISP), Valencia, Spain;
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Clara L. Rodríguez-Bernal
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
dCentro Superior de Investigación en Salud Publica (CSISP), Valencia, Spain;
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Adonina Tardón
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
eDepartment of Public Health, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;
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Isolina Riaño
fServicio de Pediatria, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain;
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Jesús Ibarluzea
gDepartamento de Sanidad del Gobierno Vasco, Subdirección de Salud Publica de Guipuzcoa, Euskadi, Spain;
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Nerea Lertxundi
hInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Euskadi (BIODONOSTIA), Euskadi, Spain;
iFaculty of Psychology, University of Basque Country, Euskadi, Spain;
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Mercedes Espada
jClinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain;
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Agueda Rodriguez
kServicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; and
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Jordi Sunyer
aCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
bHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
cCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;
lPompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration in pregnancy is associated with neuropsychological development in infants.

METHODS: The Spanish population-based cohort study INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project recruited pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy between November 2003 and February 2008. Completed data on 1820 mother-infant pairs were used. Maternal plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in pregnancy (mean 13.5±2.1 weeks of gestation). Offspring mental and psychomotor scores were assessed by trained psychologists at age 14 months (range, 11–23) by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. β-Coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mental and psychomotor scores associated with continuous or categorical concentrations of maternal plasma 25(OH)D3 were calculated by using linear regression analysis.

RESULTS: The median plasma value of 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy was 29.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 21.8–37.3). A positive linear relationship was found between circulating concentrations of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentrations in pregnancy and mental and psychomotor scores in the offspring. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants of mothers with 25(OH)D3 concentrations in pregnancy >30 ng/mL showed higher mental score (β = 2.60; 95% CI 0.63–4.56) and higher psychomotor score (β = 2.32; 95% CI 0.36–4.28) in comparison with those of mothers with 25(OH)D3 concentrations <20 ng/mL.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher circulating concentration of maternal 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy was associated with improved mental and psychomotor development in infants.

KEY WORDS
  • child development
  • cognition
  • infancy
  • intelligence
  • vitamin D
  • Abbreviations:
    CI —
    95% confidence intervals
    FP —
    fractional polynomial
    25(OH)D3 —
    25-hydroxyvitamin D3
    • Accepted May 16, 2012.
    • Copyright © 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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    Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Pregnancy and Infant Neuropsychological Development
    Eva Morales, Mònica Guxens, Sabrina Llop, Clara L. Rodríguez-Bernal, Adonina Tardón, Isolina Riaño, Jesús Ibarluzea, Nerea Lertxundi, Mercedes Espada, Agueda Rodriguez, Jordi Sunyer
    Pediatrics Oct 2012, 130 (4) e913-e920; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3289

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    Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Pregnancy and Infant Neuropsychological Development
    Eva Morales, Mònica Guxens, Sabrina Llop, Clara L. Rodríguez-Bernal, Adonina Tardón, Isolina Riaño, Jesús Ibarluzea, Nerea Lertxundi, Mercedes Espada, Agueda Rodriguez, Jordi Sunyer
    Pediatrics Oct 2012, 130 (4) e913-e920; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3289
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