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Discover Pediatric Collections on COVID-19 and Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health

American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Cumulative Social Risk and Obesity in Early Childhood

Shakira F. Suglia, Cristiane S. Duarte, Earle C. Chambers and Renée Boynton-Jarrett
Pediatrics May 2012, 129 (5) e1173-e1179; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2456
Shakira F. Suglia
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Cristiane S. Duarte
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Earle C. Chambers
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Renée Boynton-Jarrett
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between cumulative social adversity and childhood obesity among preschool-aged children (N = 1605) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

METHODS: Maternal reports of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, housing insecurity, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal substance use, and father’s incarceration were obtained when the child was 1 and 3 years of age. Two cumulative social risk scores were created by summing the 6 factors assessed at ages 1 and 3 years. Child height and weight were measured at 5 years of age. Logistic regression models stratified according to gender were used to estimate the association between cumulative social risk and obesity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS: Seventeen percent of children were obese at age 5 years, and 57% had at least 1 social risk factor. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, girls experiencing high cumulative social risk (≥2 factors) at age 1 year only (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–4.1]) or at 3 years only (OR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.2–4.2]) were at increased odds of being obese compared with girls with no risk factors at either time point. Those experiencing high cumulative risk at age 1 and 3 years were not at statistically significant odds of being obese (OR: 1.9 [95% CI: 0.9–4.0]). No significant associations were noted among boys.

CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be gender differences in the effects of cumulative social risk factors on the prevalence of obesity at 5 years of age. Understanding the social context of families could make for more effective preventive efforts to combat childhood obesity.

KEY WORDS
  • cumulative risk
  • food insecurity
  • housing insecurity
  • obesity
  • social risk factors
  • social stress
  • violence
  • Abbreviations:
    CI —
    confidence interval
    IPV —
    intimate partner violence
    IPW —
    inverse probability weighting
    OR —
    odds ratio
    SES —
    socioeconomic status
    • Accepted December 16, 2011.
    • Copyright © 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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    Pediatrics
    Vol. 129, Issue 5
    1 May 2012
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    Cumulative Social Risk and Obesity in Early Childhood
    Shakira F. Suglia, Cristiane S. Duarte, Earle C. Chambers, Renée Boynton-Jarrett
    Pediatrics May 2012, 129 (5) e1173-e1179; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2456

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    Cumulative Social Risk and Obesity in Early Childhood
    Shakira F. Suglia, Cristiane S. Duarte, Earle C. Chambers, Renée Boynton-Jarrett
    Pediatrics May 2012, 129 (5) e1173-e1179; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2456
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