Stair-Related Injuries to Young Children Treated in US Emergency Departments, 1999–2008

Ashley E. Zielinski; Lynne M. Rochette; Gary A. Smith

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2314

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FIGURE 1
Stair-related injuries among children aged <5 years, according to injured body region and type of injury, United States, 1999–2008.
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FIGURE 2
Stair-related injuries among children aged <5 years, according to mechanism of injury, United States, 1999–2008.
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FIGURE 3
Stair-related injuries among children aged <5 years, according to mechanism of injury and year, United States, 1999–2008 Note: Falls not involving an object or action are not represented. Because of the small sample size, annual national estimates for “tripped on an object” are unstable and therefore not shown.

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TABLE 1

Characteristics of Stair-Related Injuries Among Children Aged <5 Years According to Child Age, United States, 1999–2008

Characteristic	Age (y)
	<1			1			2			3			4			Total
	National Estimate	95% CI	%	National Estimate	95% CI	%	National Estimate	95% CI	%	National Estimate	95% CI	%	National Estimate	95% CI	%	National Estimate	95% CI	%
Injury mechanism
Carried	33 531	27 285, 39 776	24.5	12 171	9657, 14685	4.0	4999	3885, 6113	2.2	1392	806, 1977	0.9	1054	489, 1618	0.9	53 146	43 558, 62 734	5.7
Fell in baby walker	22 226	17 644, 26 809	16.2	3145	2033, 4257	1.0	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	25 558	20 365, 30 751	2.7
Jumped	^a	^a	^a	1506	927, 2086	0.5	4519	3400, 5638	2.0	3687	2568, 4805	2.5	4355	3213, 5497	3.7	14 137	11 278, 16 996	1.5
Fell in stroller	6860	2869, 10 851	5.0	2704	671, 4736	0.9	381	162, 599	0.2	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	10 232	4265, 16 199	1.1
Rode toy	^a	^a	^a	2370	1537, 3203	0.8	3791	2838, 4745	1.7	2223	1454, 2993	1.5	1561	914, 2209	1.3	10 117	7876, 12 357	1.1
Tripped on object	^a	^a	^a	547	206,889	0.2	346	113, 578	0.2	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	2013	1261, 2766	0.2
Fell without object/action	74 037	60 517, 87 558	54.0	279 519	240 960, 318 078	92.6	212 778	181 552, 244 004	93.7	141 220	120 490, 161 950	94.5	109 129	93 460, 124 797	93.6	816 683	701 494, 931 873	87.6
Total^b	136 988	114 042, 159 933		301 962	259 975, 343 949		226 988	194 129, 259 846		149 383	127 477, 171 290		116 565	99 683, 133 447		931 886	799 283, 1 064 490
Body region
Head and neck	112 171	93 194, 131 148	87.5	233 491	199 530, 267 453	79.0	165 171	139 798, 190 544	73.6	105 912	90 106, 121 718	71.5	79 463	67 354, 91 571	68.4	696 208	594 052, 798 363	76.3
Upper extremity	3538	2520, 4556	2.8	29 112	24 784, 33 440	9.9	29 944	24 733, 35 155	13.3	22 898	18 789, 27 006	15.5	17 392	14 317, 20 467	15.0	102–884	87 707, 118 060	11.3
Lower extremity	8017	6045, 9988	6.3	26 250	21 919, 30 582	8.9	23702	19 632, 27 772	10.6	14 000	11 477, 16 523	9.5	14 137	11 648, 16 625	12.2	86 106	73 184, 99 028	9.4
Trunk	1989	1230, 2749	1.6	4461	3405, 5517	1.5	4629	3294, 5964	2.1	4911	3568, 6254	3.3	4967	3551, 6383	4.3	20 958	16 841, 25 075	2.3
>25% of body	2438	1446, 3429	1.9	2082	1378, 2786	0.7	1080	590, 1570	0.5	390	161, 620	0.3	^a	^a	^a	6271	4651, 7892	0.7
Total^b	128 153	106 791, 149 515		295 396	254 155, 336 638		224527	191 906, 257 148		148 111	126 428, 169 794		116 239	99 366, 133 113			912 427	782 612, 1 042 242
Injury type
Soft tissue injury	58 487	47 516, 69 458	43.3	115 215	95 857, 134 573	38.4	72239	59 986, 84 492	31.9		41 362	34 508, 48 217	27.8	32 838	26 613, 39 062	28.2	320 141	267 997, 372 286	34.6
Laceration	8797	6886, 10 707	6.5	61 836	52 445, 71 227	20.6	68890	57 451, 80 330	30.4		56 269	47 195, 65 342	37.8	47 191	39 420, 54 963	40.5	242 983	206 418, 279 548	26.2
Closed head injury	43 644	33 524, 53 765	32.3	71 166	57 031, 85 302	23.7	39299	31 779, 46 818	17.4	21 916	16 776, 27 056	14.7		13 277	10 292, 16 263	11.4	189 303	151 442, 227 164	20.4
Fracture	10 047	7535, 12 559	7.4	24 948	20 346, 29 550	8.3	26410	21 658, 31 163	11.7		19 483	15 943, 23 023	13.1	16 421	13 626, 19 217	14.1	97 310	81 754, 112 866	10.5
Dislocation	^a	^a	^a	6557	5065, 8048	2.2	5003	3610, 6396	2.2	1527	870, 2185	1.0	571	179, 963	0.5	13 996	10 729, 17 263	1.5
Miscellaneous	13 707	108 73, 16 542	10.2	20 115	16 142, 24 089	6.7	14411	10 989, 17 832	6.4	8417	6590, 10 243	5.6		6107	4760, 7454	5.2	62 757	52 175, 73 338	6.8
Total^b	135 021	112 335, 157 706		299 838	258 098, 341 578		226 252	193 508, 258 997			148 975	127 102, 170 847		116 405	99 540, 133 271		926 491	794 571, 1 058 410