Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1
Demographic Characteristics of Young Adult Parents From Project EAT-III Versus Nonparents
Parent Nonparent P Female, n (%) 100 (67) 738 (54) .002 SES, n (%) Low 83 (50) 320 (27) <.001 Middle 43 (26) 314 (27) High 40 (24) 547 (46) Race, n (%) White 66 (38) 703 (58) <.001a Black 51 (30) 160 (13) Hispanic/Latino 9 (5) 62 (5) Asian-American 31 (18) 216 (18) Native American 6 (4) 37 (3) Mixed/other 6 (4) 38 (3) Age, mean (SD), y 25 (1.79) 25 (1.50) .50 Participants were defined as parents if they lived with their children and if their children were 5 years of age or younger. Parents lived with their children at time 3, had a child 5 years of age or older, and were not parents at time 2.
↵a Significance analysis for the race variable compared white versus nonwhite participants.
- TABLE 2
Mean Dietary Intake Among Young Adults With or Without Children From Project EAT-III
Women Men Parents (N = 88) Nonparents (N = 681) P kcal, Adjusted Pa Parents (N = 43) Nonparents (N = 568) P kcal, Adjusted P Food servings, n Fruit (no juice)b 1.77 1.71 .45 .12 1.08 1.09 .94 .73 Vegetables (no potatoes)c 4.37 4.05 .11 .38 2.21 2.05 .82 .55 Dark vegetablesd 1.40 1.31 .84 .03g 0.56 0.55 .94 .46 Dairy foodse 1.92 1.66 .01 .68 2.08 1.80 .29 .30 Whole grainsf 2.21 1.9 .05 .87 2.00 1.98 .43 .64 Sugar-sweetened drinksf 1.03 0.57 <.001 .001 0.65 0.70 .79 .51 Nutrients Energy, kcal 2360 1992 <.001 — 2367 2235 .30 — Energy from fat, % 30.1 29.6 .35 — 32.4 31.7 .49 — Energy from saturated fat, % 10.3 9.5 .003 — 11.1 10.4 .07 — Folate, μg 1090 840 <.001 .15 803 864 .55 .16 Calcium, mg 1133 1004 .005 .55 1068 1040 .71 .98 Fiber, g 26.1 24.0 .04 .06 20.2 19.6 .79 .46 All models were weighted and adjusted for race, SES, age, and time 2 of the outcome. Energy adjustments were made by using the nutrient-density method.
↵a Adjusted for total energy intake.
↵b Fruit = raisins (1 oz), grapes (½ cup), prunes (6), bananas (1), cantaloupe (¼ melon), fresh apples or pears (1), oranges (1), grapefruit (½), strawberries (½ cup), blueberries (½ cup), peaches or plums (1 fresh or ½ canned), and apricots (1 fresh or 5 dried).
↵c Vegetables = tomatoes (2 slices), tomato sauce (½ cup), string beans (½ cup), beans/lentils (½ cup), peas/lima beans (½ cup), broccoli (½ cup), cauliflower (½ cup), cabbage/coleslaw (½ cup), brussel sprouts (½ cup), carrots (½ cup raw, ½ cooked), corn (½ cup), mixed vegetables (½ cup), yams (½ cup), spinach (1 cup raw, ½ cup cooked), iceberg lettuce (1 serving), romaine/leaf lettuce (1 serving), celery (2–3 sticks), peppers (3 slices), and onions (½ cup).
↵d Dark vegetables = broccoli (½ cup), kale/mustard greens/chard (½ cup), spinach (1 cup raw, ½ cup cooked), romaine/leaf lettuce (1 serving), carrots (½ cup raw, ½ cup cooked), and yams/sweet potatoes (½ cup).
↵e Dairy foods = milk (8 oz), skim, 1% or 2%, whole; yogurt, low carbohydrate, plain, sweetened (1 cup); hard cheeses (1 oz or 1 slice); cottage or ricotta cheese (½ cup); frozen yogurt/sherbet/low-fat ice cream (1 cup); regular ice cream (1 cup); pizza (2 slices); and dairy coffee drink (16 oz).
↵f Sugar-sweetened drinks = carbonated beverage with caffeine and sugar (1 glass or bottle), other carbonated beverage with sugar (1 glass or bottle), and other sugared beverage (eg, lemonade, sports drink) (1 glass or bottle).
↵g The direction of the relationship flipped, and parents had lower intakes of dark vegetables.
- TABLE 3
Physical Activity and BMI Among Young Adults With or Without Children From Project EAT-III
Women Men Parents (N = 100) Nonparents (N = 738) P Parents (N = 49) Nonparents (N = 633) P Physical activity Total physical activity, h/wk 4.66 5.72 .05 8.34 9.95 .10 MVPA, h/wk 2.36 3.19 .002 5.33 6.89 .01 BMI 26.5 25.6 .01 25.0 24.8 .472 All models were weighted and adjusted for race, SES, age, and time 2 of the outcome. Parents lived with their children at time 3, had a child 5 years of age or older, and were not parents at time 2.
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