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American Academy of Pediatrics
State-of-the-Art Review Article

Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Its Management: Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations

Madhusmita Misra, Danièle Pacaud, Anna Petryk, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg, Michael Kappy and ; on behalf of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society
Pediatrics August 2008, 122 (2) 398-417; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1894
Madhusmita Misra
aPediatric Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Units, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Danièle Pacaud
bDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Anna Petryk
cDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
dInstituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Michael Kappy
eChildren's Hospital Association, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
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Abstract

Given the recent spate of reports of vitamin D deficiency, there is a need to reexamine our understanding of natural and other sources of vitamin D, as well as mechanisms whereby vitamin D synthesis and intake can be optimized. This state-of-the-art report from the Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society was aimed to perform this task and also reviews recommendations for sun exposure and vitamin D intake and possible caveats associated with these recommendations.

  • food fortification
  • breastfeeding
  • calcium
  • supplements
  • vitamin D
  • Accepted November 26, 2007.
  • Copyright © 2008 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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Pediatrics
Vol. 122, Issue 2
August 2008
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Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Its Management: Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations
Madhusmita Misra, Danièle Pacaud, Anna Petryk, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg, Michael Kappy
Pediatrics Aug 2008, 122 (2) 398-417; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-1894

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Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Its Management: Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations
Madhusmita Misra, Danièle Pacaud, Anna Petryk, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg, Michael Kappy
Pediatrics Aug 2008, 122 (2) 398-417; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-1894
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  • Table of Contents

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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • EFFECT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
    • SOURCES OF VITAMIN D
    • RANGES FOR NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BLOOD VITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS
    • CAUSES OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
    • LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS OF VITAMIN D INTAKE
    • PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NUTRITIONAL VITAMIN D–DEFICIENCY RICKETS
    • Treatment
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • SUMMARY AND GUIDELINES
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments

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Subjects

  • Nutrition
    • Breastfeeding

Keywords

  • food fortification
  • breastfeeding
  • calcium
  • supplements
  • vitamin D
  • AAP—American Academy of Pediatrics
  • 25(OH)-D—25(OH)-vitamin D
  • UVR—ultraviolet radiation
  • PTH—parathyroid hormone
  • 1,25(OH)2-D—1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D
  • ALP—alkaline phosphatase
  • DBP—vitamin D–binding protein
  • 24,25(OH)2-D—24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D
  • MED—minimum erythema dose
  • mAb—monoclonal antibody
  • HPLC—high-pressure liquid chromatography
  • SPF—sun protection factor
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