Skip to main content

Advertising Disclaimer »

Main menu

  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors/Reviewers
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
    • Reviewer Guidelines
    • Open Access
    • Editorial Policies
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Online First
    • Archive
    • Blogs
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • AAP Meeting Abstracts
  • Pediatric Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health
    • More Collections...
  • AAP Policy
  • Supplements
  • Multimedia
    • Video Abstracts
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
  • Other Publications
    • American Academy of Pediatrics

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
American Academy of Pediatrics

AAP Gateway

Advanced Search

AAP Logo

  • Log in
  • My Cart
  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors/Reviewers
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
    • Reviewer Guidelines
    • Open Access
    • Editorial Policies
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Online First
    • Archive
    • Blogs
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • AAP Meeting Abstracts
  • Pediatric Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health
    • More Collections...
  • AAP Policy
  • Supplements
  • Multimedia
    • Video Abstracts
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers

Discover Pediatric Collections on COVID-19 and Racism and Its Effects on Pediatric Health

American Academy of Pediatrics
ELECTRONIC ARTICLES

A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide

Dale Lawrence Pearlman
Pediatrics September 2004, 114 (3) e275-e279; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2003-0666-F
Dale Lawrence Pearlman
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments
Loading
Download PDF

Abstract

Objectives. The emergence of drug-resistant lice has created the need for new therapies. This study assesses a new method without neurotoxins, extensive household cleaning, or nit removal.

Methods. One hundred thirty-three subjects participated in 2 open clinical trials. In the first trial, 93 subjects completed treatment using a nontoxic, dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotion, minimal household cleaning measures, and physical removal of the nits. In the second trial, 40 subjects completed treatment using an identical protocol except that the nits were not removed. Head lice infestation was defined as a wet combing test showing lice. Cure was defined as a wet combing test showing no lice, with an absence of symptoms. Subjects were contacted 6 months later, for assessment of their disease status.

Results. Cure was achieved for 97% of the patients in the first trial and 95% in the second trial. Remission at the follow-up assessment was reported for 77 of 82 subjects (94%) in the first trial and 36 of 38 subjects (95%) in the second trial. There was no statistical difference in cure rates or remission rates between the protocols with and without nit removal. The overall cure rate was 96%, with a remission rate of 94%. There were no adverse effects.

Conclusions. Dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotion effectively treats head lice without neurotoxins, nit removal, or extensive house cleaning. These results are comparable or superior to the results previously reported for treatments with permethrin, pyrethrin, and malathion.

  • lice
  • Pediculus humanus var capitis
  • resistance
  • permethrin
  • pyrethrin
  • malathion

Conventional head lice management usually includes use of a neurotoxic insecticide lotion, extensive home cleaning measures, and complete removal of all nits during treatment.1 Many parents think that, despite their following these guidelines, head lice are getting much harder to cure.2,3 There are several explanations for these treatment failures. Investigators have found lice resistant to many of the commonly used pediculicides.4–11 The recommended household cleaning and nit removal procedures are viewed as a heavy burden, and compliance may be incomplete.12–15 Some parents, school nurses, and health care advocates are concerned about the safety and efficacy of neurotoxin-based pediculicides and await the development of safer alternative agents.16 Finally, experts suggest that “there is strong need for the Food and Drug Administration to approve alternative agents.”17(p1381) Therefore, it was considered worthwhile to evaluate a new approach to treating head lice. The goal of this project was to perform a preliminary evaluation of a nontoxic, dry-on, suffocation-based pediculicide (DSP) and simpler associated cleaning steps.

METHODS

Materials

Nuvo lotion (Family Dermatology Medical Office) is the first of a new class of nontoxic lotions to treat head lice that are called DSPs. The DSP lotion is applied wet and then blown dry with a hair drier, to form an adherent film. This “shrink-wrapped” film layer completely covers the louse, plugging its breathing holes (spiracles) and causing death by suffocation. Figures 1 and 2 present scanning electron microscopic images of an untreated louse and a different louse treated with Nuvo lotion.

Fig 1.
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Fig 1.

An untreated head louse standing on a hair (from Speare et al,33 with permission). (Magnification: ×37.5.)

Fig 2.
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Fig 2.

A Nuvo-treated head louse coated with dried-on DSP lotion. (Magnification: ×37.5.)

Water-soluble Nuvo lotion is composed of stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, cetyl alcohol, water, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. All of these ingredients are “generally recognized as safe” by the United States Food and Drug Administration.18

Subjects

We recruited subjects by advising pediatricians that we were looking for difficult-to-treat head lice cases. The problem could be either that the parents reported failure of a prior treatment or that the parents were resistant to allowing any neurotoxin-based treatment. To enter the study, the participant needed to have an active head lice infestation, as determined with the wet-combing test described below. Siblings and adults in the same family could elect to enter the study on the same basis. Informed consent procedures were followed, and all subjects (or their parents, if the subjects were minors) reviewed and signed an informed consent form before entering the study.

Patients paid a $200 refundable deposit to participate in the research. The deposit was waived in cases of financial difficulty. The deposit provision was part of the informed consent form. The deposit was refundable at the end of the research for all participants, regardless of outcome or whether they completed the full protocol. The goal was to identify parents who intended to participate and carry out the protocol.

Protocols

An uncontrolled open format was used for both trials. Both trials used the same DSP in the same manner, with the same simplified household cleaning rules. The only difference between the trials was that the nits were mechanically removed in trial 1, whereas they were not removed in trial 2. The first 97 subjects entered trial 1. The subsequent 40 subjects entered trial 2. All treatment was performed at home by the parents. All materials and combs used in the trials were supplied by the author.

The household cleaning steps performed at the time of DSP application were as follows. 1) Clean all of the subject's combs and brushes at home, by either putting them through a dishwasher cycle or soaking them for 10 minutes in isopropyl alcohol. 2) Change the subject's clothes to fresh clothes. 3) Heat the subject's pillowcase, sheets, blankets, comforter, and bedspreads in the dryer for 10 minutes and then put them back on the bed.

A course of treatment with the DSP lotion was defined as once-weekly application until cure was achieved, up to a maximum of 3 applications. Each application had the following steps. 1) Apply the lotion thoroughly and wait 2 minutes. 2) Comb out all lotion possible. 3) Dry the hair with a handheld hair drier. 4) Shampoo ≥8 hours later with the child's usual shampoo. For trial 1, parents were instructed to remove nits during step 2. The parents used first a widely spaced, plastic, detangler comb, then a standard spaced, plastic, pocket comb, and finally a closely spaced, metal-toothed, nit-removal comb (LiceMeister comb, National Pediculosis Association, Needham, MA).19 For trial 2, parents used only the detangler and pocket combs, which do not remove nits, during step 2. The LiceMeister comb was not used.

Infestations were determined with the wet combing test. An active infestation was defined as present when the author found lice in the lotion combed out by parents in step 2. The parents performed the treatment at home and brought the combed-out lotion, on absorbent pads in sealed plastic bags, to the clinic office for the author to assess. This wet combing method of identifying lice is the most accurate way to diagnose active infestations, because it requires finding lice.20–22 It is considered superior to both conventional scalp inspection and dry detection combing.23 A positive test result means that lice are present. A negative test result means that no lice are present.

Entry Into the Study

Patients were enrolled in the study after they (or their guardian or parent) gave permission and they demonstrated positive wet combing test results. If the wet combing test did not reveal any lice, then the patient did not enter the study.

Determination of Cure

Patients were defined as cured when they met 2 criteria. First, their wet combing test results became negative. Second, the parents said that their children no longer complained of increased scalp itching or exhibited increased head scratching, and no new nits or crawling lice were noted by the parents.

Determination of Long-Term Follow-up Status

We contacted by telephone all participants in the study, or their parents/guardians, ≥6 months after completion of treatment. They were asked for any evidence of recurrence, including complaints of itching or observation of increased head scratching, new nits, or crawling lice.

Evaluation of Side Effects

At each office interaction, parents were asked their opinions regarding the work required to perform this treatment and were questioned about any irritation, discomfort, embarrassment, or other symptoms associated with the use of this treatment.

RESULTS

Of the 133 subjects in the trials, more than one-half were reported by their parents to have used treatments that failed before they entered the study (Table 1). Failure was most commonly reported for permethrin and pyrethrins, which are available without prescriptions in the United States.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
TABLE 1.

Prestudy Treatment History: Untreated or Treatments Reported to Have Failed

Table 2 summarizes the results of these trials. In trial 1, with the nit removal protocol, 97 subjects (median age: 8 years; range: 1.5-46 years) were enrolled. Ninety-three subjects (27 male subjects and 66 female subjects) completed the treatment, and 82 of those subjects were available for reevaluation at 6 months. In trial 2, without nit removal, 41 subjects (median age: 9 years; range: 2-66 years) were enrolled. Forty participants (12 male subjects and 28 female subjects) completed the treatment, and 38 of those subjects were available for reevaluation at 6 months. There was no statistical difference between the 2 protocols with respect to either cure rate (97% vs 95%) or long-term remission rate (94% vs 95%) (χ2 = 0.187, P = .001).

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
TABLE 2.

Head Lice Treatment Results With a DSP, With and Without Nit Removal

To clarify whether there was a difference in nit removal between the 2 trials, we counted the number of nits removed per patient in the lotion of the wet combing tests (Table 3). More than 100 times more nits were removed in trial 1 with the LiceMeister comb, compared with those removed in trial 2 with the plain comb.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
TABLE 3.

Total Nits Removed per Patient During Trials With and Without a Nit Removal Comb

Parents reported >50% reduction in the amount of work and time required to perform this treatment, compared with their prior experience with treatments requiring extensive household cleaning and nit removal. There were no reports of local irritation, discomfort, embarrassment, or other adverse symptoms associated with treatment.

DISCUSSION

This is the first published clinical trial documenting high efficacy for a nonneurotoxic lotion in the treatment of head lice. Although there have been anecdotal reports of petroleum jelly, mayonnaise, essential oils, olive oil, and other “alternative” products being effective in treating head lice, there have been no well-documented published trials evaluating their efficacy.23 A prior study of the nonneurotoxic “Bug Busting” treatment concluded that its 38% cure rate made it inappropriate as a first-line treatment for head lice.24

The design of this preliminary study was limited by its lack of blinding, randomization, and inclusion of a control or therapeutic comparative group. However, the results of these open clinical trials should still be of great interest to clinicians treating head lice. The overall 96% cure rate is remarkable, in that it equals or exceeds the best efficacy reported for the currently used pediculicides (Table 4). The cure rate observed was determined by using the most rigorous current method. The patient population in the study is especially relevant to today's clinicians, because the majority of these patients had reported failure of previous treatments. Furthermore, all treatment was performed at home by parents, rather than by nurses or technicians. This type of pragmatic study offers clinicians practical information regarding what other parents may reasonably achieve in their homes.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
TABLE 4.

Cure Rates for Neurotoxic Pediculicides Used to Treat Head Lice

The results gain additional significance because of the remarkable 6-month follow-up remission data. There is concern that, with conventional pediculicides, children may be cured only temporarily and then quickly become reinfested with head lice from their untreated schoolmates and friends.25 Only 6% of the patients in this study reported reinfestation during the 6-month follow-up period. One hypothesis to explain the lack of reinfestation is that Nuvo has a longer-lasting effect because of properties apart from its suffocation action. Although immunologic concepts of louse protection were described previously,26 it is unclear whether these explain the 94% remission rate with Nuvo treatment.

Physicians familiar with the conventional recommendations for treatment of head lice may find 2 results of this study particularly surprising. First, nit removal was not required or helpful in curing head lice with the DSP. Although trial 1 removed the nits and trial 2 left the nits, there was no difference between the trials in outcome measures. The nits can be left in place because the 3 weekly applications of the DSP lotion kill all potentially hatching lice before they can become contagious, fertile, adult lice. Meinking et al9 also reported finding no benefit of nit removal during treatment with a pediculicide.

Physicians may also be surprised that, in this study, a high cure rate was obtained with minimal household cleaning. Parents were not advised to vacuum any floors, put away any plush toys during treatment, or wash laundry daily. Lice are mainly transmitted from child to child via close contact of the children's heads during play.27 The environment and fomites play minor roles in lice transmission.23,28 There is now growing evidence that viable, contagious, head lice are rarely found in the environment; therefore, cleaning efforts aimed at removing them are of minimal usefulness.15,29–31 There is no well-documented study showing that extensive cleaning measures are required for or even contribute to curing head lice.

The simplicity of this method was welcomed by both parents and children. Parents reported that head lice treatment without nit removal and without extensive household cleaning was not an overwhelming burden. Caregivers reported that children were much more cooperative during treatment with a plain comb than they had been during their prestudy treatment with a fine nit comb. Although the lotion must be left in place for at least 8 hours to be effective, in practice it typically was left in place for ≥24 hours, until the next day's bath. Patients typically underwent application 1 day, attended school the next morning with it dry in their hair, and waited until bath time the next day to remove it by washing their hair with their usual shampoo. After the DSP lotion was dried in the scalp, the lotion was not visible, and the hair could be styled as usual. Treated children went to school with their hair looking the same as usual.

These results suggest that a DSP lotion can offer a solution to the widespread reports of head lice that are resistant to conventional pediculicides. The majority of patients in this trial reported their lice to be resistant to a wide variety of conventional and alternative pediculicides (Table 1), but these patients were cured with the DSP lotion. The 5 patients who were not cured with the 3 applications allowed in the protocol were all cured by completing a total of 4 applications. There were no cases of DSP treatment failure in this study.

DSP lotions may not be hampered by the evolution of drug-resistant lice, as would be expected for neurotoxic pediculicides.32 The latter agents act by targeting a specific molecule. If that molecule is mutated, then the louse becomes resistant to the neurotoxic pediculicide. Table 4 shows the decrease in neurotoxic pediculicide cure rates as reports of drug-resistant lice have appeared. DSP lotions target the entire exterior of the louse, by coating the louse and mechanically blocking the spiracles (breathing holes). Development of resistance would require complex changes in the breathing mechanism itself and would be unlikely to occur.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LiceMeister combs used in this study were donated by the National Pediculosis Association.

I thank the physicians and nurses of the following institutions for referring patients to participate in this study: Welch Road Pediatrics Group (Palo Alto, CA), Lucile Packard Hospital for Children at Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, CA), Menlo Medical Clinic Department of Pediatrics (Menlo Park, CA), Palo Alto Medical Foundation Department of Pediatrics (Palo Alto, CA), and Kaiser Hospital Department of Pediatrics (Redwood City, CA). Critical review of the manuscript and suggested revisions were made by Rick Speare, PhD (James Cook University, Townsville, Australia), and Harry Morewitz, PhD (Tarzana, CA). I especially thank Jonathan Pearlman for the statistical analysis.

Footnotes

    • Accepted March 25, 2004.
  • Reprint requests to (D.L.P.) Family Dermatology Medical Office, 1220 University Dr, Suite 203, Menlo Park, CA 94025. E-mail: nuvo{at}dpearlman.biz
  • Dr Pearlman owns issued US patents and pending foreign patents covering this technology.

DSP, dry-on, suffocation-based pediculicide

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Head Lice Infestation. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2001. Available at: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/lice/default.htm. Accessed September 2, 2003
  2. ↵
    Anonymous. A parent's story: “I felt lost and hysterical” [commentary]. BMJ.2003;326 :1258
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  3. ↵
    Burgess I. How to advise a patient when over the counter products have failed. BMJ.2003;326 :1257
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  4. ↵
    Hemingway J, Miller J, Mumcuoglu KY. Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel: implications for control. Med Vet Entomol.1999;13 :89– 96
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. Burgess IF, Brown CM, Peock S, Kaufman J. Head lice resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Britain [letter]. BMJ.1995;311 :752
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  6. Mumcuoglu KY, Hemingway J, Miller J, et al. Permethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel. Med Vet Entomol.1995;9 :427– 432, 447
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  7. Pollack RJ, Kiszewski A, Armstrong P, et al. Differential permethrin susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States and Borneo. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.1999;153 :969– 973
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. Downs AMR, Stafford KA, Harvey I, Coles GC. Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice. Br J Dermatol.1999;141 :508– 511
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  9. ↵
    Meinking TL, Clineschmidt CM, Chen C, et al. An observer-blinded study of 1% permethrin creme rinse with and without adjunctive combing in patients with head lice. J Pediatr.2002;141 :665– 670
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  10. Picollo MI, Vassena CV, Mougabure Cueto GA, Vernetti M, Zerba EN. Resistance to insecticides and effect of synergists on permethrin toxicity in Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires. J Med Entomol.2000;37 :721– 725
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  11. ↵
    Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Clinical evidence of lice resistance to over-the-counter products. J Cutan Med Surg.2000;4 :199– 201
    OpenUrlPubMed
  12. ↵
    Fedarko K. A lousy, nit-picking epidemic. Time.1998;151 :73– 74
    OpenUrl
  13. A modern scourge: parents scratch their heads over lice. Consum Rep.1998;62– 63
  14. Ibarra J, Hall DM. Head lice in school children. Arch Dis Child.1996;75 :471 -473
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  15. ↵
    Meinking TL, Serrano L, Hard B, et al. Comparative in vitro pediculicidal efficacy of treatments in a resistant head lice population in the United States. Arch Dermatol.2002;138 :220– 224
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  16. ↵
    National Pediculosis Association. Parents say no to the American Academy of Pediatrics [editorial]. Available at: www.headlice.org/news/2003/pr090803.htm. Accessed September 10, 2003
  17. ↵
    Meinking TL, Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Head lice. N Engl J Med.2002;347 :1381– 1382
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. ↵
    United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. EAFUS: a food additive database. Available at www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/eafus.html. Accessed September 1, 2003
  19. ↵
    National Pediculosis Association. LiceMeister comb. Available at www.headlice.org/catalog/index.htm#licemeister. Accessed September 1, 2003
  20. ↵
    Aston R, Duggal H, Simpson J, Burgess I. Head Lice: A Report for Consultants in Communicable Disease Control. London, United Kingdom: Public Health Medicine Environmental Group; 1998. Available at: www.phmeg.org.uk/Documents/Headlice/phmeghl.htm. Accessed September 1, 2003
  21. De Maeseneer J, Blokland I, Willems S, Vander Stichele R, Meersschaut F. Wet combing versus traditional scalp inspection to detect head lice in schoolchildren: observational study. BMJ.2000;321 :1187– 1188
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  22. ↵
    Vander Stichele RH, Gyssels L, Bracke C, et al. Wet combing for head lice: feasibility in mass screening, treatment preference and outcome. J R Soc Med.2002;95 :348– 352
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  23. ↵
    Roberts RJ. Head lice. N Engl J Med.2002;346 :1645– 1650
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. ↵
    Roberts RJ, Casey D, Morgan DA, Petrovic M. Comparison of wet combing with malathion for treatment of head lice in the UK: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Lancet.2000;356 :540– 544
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  25. ↵
    National Health Service. Prodigy database: headlice. London, United Kingdom: Department of Health; 2003. Available at: www.prodigy.nhs.uk/guidance.asp?gt=Head%20lice. Accessed September 2, 2003
  26. ↵
    Elston DM. Drug-resistant lice. Arch Dermatol.2003;139 :1061– 1064
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. ↵
    Burgess IF. Human lice and their management. Adv Parasitol.1995;36 :272– 342
    OpenUrl
  28. ↵
    Frankowski BL, Weiner LB. Head lice. Pediatrics.2002;110 :638– 643
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  29. ↵
    Speare R, Thomas G, Cahill C. Head lice are not found on floors in primary school classrooms. Aust N Z J Public Health.2002;26 :208– 211
    OpenUrlPubMed
  30. Speare R, Cahill C, Thomas G. Head lice on pillows, and strategies to make a small risk even less. Int J Dermatol.2003;42 :626– 629
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  31. ↵
    Nash B. Treating head lice. BMJ.2003;326 :1256– 1257
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  32. ↵
    Stallbaumer M, Ibarra J. Clinical efficacy of treatment for head lice [letter]. BMJ. 1995;311 :1369
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  33. ↵
    Speare R, Winsor H, Anderson R. Claws of a trapeze artist [web illustration]. Available at: www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/poster/claws.htm. Accessed September 7, 2003
  34. ↵
    Burgess IF, Brown CM, Burgess NA. Synergized pyrethrin mousse, a new approach to head lice eradication: efficacy in field and laboratory studies. Clin Ther.1994;16 :57– 64
    OpenUrlPubMed
  35. ↵
    Meinking TL, Entzel P, Villar ME, et al. Comparative efficacy of treatments for pediculosis capitis infestations: update 2000. Arch Dermatol.2001;137 :287– 292
    OpenUrlPubMed
  36. ↵
    Taplin D, Meinking TL, Castillero PM, Sanchez R. Permethrin 1% crème rinse for the treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis infestation. Pediatr Dermatol.1986;3 :344– 348
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  37. ↵
    Hipolito RB, Mallorca FG, Zuniga-Macaraig ZO, Apolinario PC, Wheeler-Sherman J. Head lice infestation: single drug versus combination therapy with one percent permethrin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Pediatrics.2001;107(3) . Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/3/e30
  38. ↵
    Brandenburg K, Deinard AS, DiNapoli J, Englender SJ, Orthoefer J, Wagner D. 1% permethrin cream rinse vs 1% lindane shampoo in treating pediculosis capitis. Am J Dis Child.1986;140 :894– 896
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  39. ↵
    Taplin D, Castillero PM, Spiegel J, Mercer S, Rivera AA, Schachner L. Malathion for treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis infestation. JAMA.1982;247 :3103– 3105
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  • Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
PreviousNext
Back to top

Advertising Disclaimer »

In this issue

Pediatrics
Vol. 114, Issue 3
1 Sep 2004
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
View this article with LENS
PreviousNext
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Academy of Pediatrics.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Academy of Pediatrics
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Academy of Pediatrics web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Request Permissions
Article Alerts
Log in
You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.
Or Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Citation Tools
A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide
Dale Lawrence Pearlman
Pediatrics Sep 2004, 114 (3) e275-e279; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2003-0666-F

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide
Dale Lawrence Pearlman
Pediatrics Sep 2004, 114 (3) e275-e279; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2003-0666-F
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Print
Download PDF
Insight Alerts
  • Table of Contents

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Is wet combing effective in children with pediculosis capitis infestation?
  • A Possible Method for Suffocating Head Lice
  • New treatment for head lice
  • Minerva
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Cerebral Lymphoma in an Adenosine Deaminase–Deficient Patient With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Receiving Polyethylene Glycol–Conjugated Adenosine Deaminase
  • Disparate Clinical Presentation of Neonatal Hemochromatosis in Twins
  • The Effects of Multisystemic Therapy on Diabetes Stress Among Adolescents With Chronically Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Show more ELECTRONIC ARTICLES

Similar Articles

Subjects

  • Infectious Disease
    • Infectious Disease
  • Journal Info
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Policies
  • Overview
  • Licensing Information
  • Authors/Reviewers
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit My Manuscript
  • Open Access
  • Reviewer Guidelines
  • Librarians
  • Institutional Subscriptions
  • Usage Stats
  • Support
  • Contact Us
  • Subscribe
  • Resources
  • Media Kit
  • About
  • International Access
  • Terms of Use
  • Privacy Statement
  • FAQ
  • AAP.org
  • shopAAP
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Instagram
  • Visit American Academy of Pediatrics on Facebook
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Twitter
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Youtube
  • RSS
American Academy of Pediatrics

© 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics