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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Executive Functioning in School-Aged Children Who Were Born Very Preterm or With Extremely Low Birth Weight in the 1990s

Peter J. Anderson, Lex W. Doyle and ; Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Pediatrics July 2004, 114 (1) 50-57; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.50
Peter J. Anderson
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Lex W. Doyle
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Abstract

Objective. To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of executive dysfunction (EDF) at 8 years of age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW)/very preterm infants who were born in the 1990s, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects.

Methods. A geographically determined cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The ELBW/very preterm cohort comprised 298 consecutive survivors at 2 years of age who had gestational ages <28 completed weeks or birth weights <1000 g and were born during 1991-1992. The NBW cohort comprised 262 randomly selected children of birth weight >2499 g matched on date of birth, gender, ethnicity, and health insurance status. The participation rate was 92% (275 of 298) for the ELBW/very preterm cohort and 85% (223 of 262) for the NBW cohort. Cognitive and behavioral measures of executive functioning were administered.

Results. The ELBW/very preterm cohort exhibited significant EDF compared with their NBW peers in all areas assessed. The cognitive assessment revealed global impairment rather than deficits in specific executive domains. The ELBW/very preterm children also displayed more behavioral problems indicative of EDF than the NBW children. Severe impairments were exhibited in only a small minority of ELBW/very preterm children. No statistical conclusions were altered after adjustment for sociodemographic variables or when children with substantial neurosensory impairment were excluded.

Conclusions. School-aged children who were born in the 1990s and were very preterm or had ELBW are at greater risk for developing EDF and require ongoing neuropsychological review throughout middle childhood.

  • executive function
  • executive dysfunction
  • extremely low birth weight
  • very preterm
  • prematurity
  • Received May 5, 2003.
  • Accepted November 16, 2003.
  • Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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Pediatrics
Vol. 114, Issue 1
1 Jul 2004
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Executive Functioning in School-Aged Children Who Were Born Very Preterm or With Extremely Low Birth Weight in the 1990s
Peter J. Anderson, Lex W. Doyle
Pediatrics Jul 2004, 114 (1) 50-57; DOI: 10.1542/peds.114.1.50

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Executive Functioning in School-Aged Children Who Were Born Very Preterm or With Extremely Low Birth Weight in the 1990s
Peter J. Anderson, Lex W. Doyle
Pediatrics Jul 2004, 114 (1) 50-57; DOI: 10.1542/peds.114.1.50
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