TABLE 2.
Number of Immunogenic Proteins and Polysaccharides Contained in Vaccines Over the Past 100 Years
| 1900 | 1960 | 1980 | 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccine | Proteins | Vaccine | Proteins | Vaccine | Proteins | Vaccine | Proteins/Polysaccharides |
| Smallpox* | ∼200 | Smallpox | ∼200 | Diphtheria | 1 | Diphtheria | 1 |
| Total | ∼200 | Diphtheria† | 1 | Tetanus | 1 | Tetanus | 1 |
| Tetanus‡ | 1 | WC-Pertussis | ∼3000 | AC-Pertussis¶¶ | 2–5 | ||
| WC-Pertussis§ | ∼3000 | Polio | 15 | Polio | 15 | ||
| Polio‖ | 15 | Measles¶ | 10 | Measles | 10 | ||
| Total | ∼3217 | Mumps# | 9 | Mumps | 9 | ||
| Rubella** | 5 | Rubella | 5 | ||||
| Total | ∼3041 | Hib†† | 2 | ||||
| Varicella‡‡ | 69 | ||||||
| Pneumococcus§ § | 8 | ||||||
| Hepatitis B‖Verbar; | 1 | ||||||
| Total | 123–126 | ||||||
↵* Vaccinia vaccine: Goebel SJ, Johnson GP, Perkus ME, et al. Virology. 1990;179:247–266.
↵† Diphtheria toxoid: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 (August);40:1–28.
↵‡ Tetanus toxoid: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 (August);40:1–28.
↵§ Whole cell pertussis vaccine: Number estimated from genome size. The sequence of Bordetella pertussis Tohama I strain will soon be completed at the Sanger Center in Great Britain.
↵‖ Polio vaccine: Wimmer E, Nomoto A. Biologicals. 1993;21:349–356; Kitamura N, Semler BL, Rothberg PG, et al. Nature. 1981;291:547–553; Five proteins per poliovirus virion and 3 poliovirus strains in the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).
↵¶ Measles vaccine: Griffen D, Bellini WL. Measles virus. In: Fields BN, ed. Knipe DM, Howley PM, et al, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lipincott-Raven Publishers; 1996.
↵# Mumps vaccine: Elango N, Varsanyi TM, Kovamees J, Norrby E. J Gen Virol. 1988;69:2893–2900.
↵** Rubella vaccine. Hofmann J, Gerstenberger S, Lachmann I, et al. Virus Res. 2000;68:155–160.
↵†† Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 (January);40:1–7.
↵‡Dagger; Varicella vaccine: Cohen JI. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1996;10:457–468.
↵§§ Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49:1–29.
↵‖‖ Hepatitis B vaccine: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 (November);40:1–25.
↵¶¶ Acellular pertussis vaccine: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 (March);46:1–25.
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