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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Neonatal Screening for Hearing Disorders in Infants at Risk: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Follow-up

Christiane Meyer, Jan Witte, Agnes Hildmann, Karl-Heinz Hennecke, Karl-Ulrich Schunck, Kerstin Maul, Ute Franke, Hubert Fahnenstich, Heike Rabe, Rainer Rossi, Sabine Hartmann and Ludwig Gortner
Pediatrics October 1999, 104 (4) 900-904; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.4.900
Christiane Meyer
From the *Children's Hospital and
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Jan Witte
‡Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University, Lübeck, Germany; the
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Agnes Hildmann
§Vestische Kinderklinik Datteln, University Witten, Herdecke, Germany; the
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Karl-Heinz Hennecke
§Vestische Kinderklinik Datteln, University Witten, Herdecke, Germany; the
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Karl-Ulrich Schunck
‖Children's Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany; the
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Kerstin Maul
‖Children's Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany; the
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Ute Franke
‖Children's Hospital Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany; the
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Hubert Fahnenstich
¶Children's Hospital University, Bonn, Germany; the
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Heike Rabe
#Children's Hospital and the
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Rainer Rossi
#Children's Hospital and the
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Sabine Hartmann
**Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Ludwig Gortner
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Abstract

Objective. To determine the incidence and risk factors for hearing disorders in a selected group of neonates and the feasibility of selective hearing screening.

Settings. Multicenter prospective trial at five centers in Germany.

Methods. Enrollment criteria: in addition to previously defined risk factors by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (family history of hearing loss, in utero infections, craniofacial anomalies, birth weight <1500 g, critical hyperbilirubinemia, ototoxic medications, bacterial meningitis, postnatal asphyxia, mechanical ventilation >5 days, stigmata, or syndromes associated with hearing loss), the impact of maternal drug abuse, birth weight <10th percentile, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and intracranial hemorrhage more than or equal to grade III or periventricular leukomalacia on infant hearing were evaluated. The screening procedure was performed by automated auditory brainstem response (A-ABR; ALGO 1-plus; Natus Med Inc, San Carlos, CA). Statistics: univariate analyses of risk factors versus A-ABR results and a multivariate regression analysis were used; additionally, the total test time was recorded.

Results. Seven hundred seventy recordings from 777 infants enrolled consecutively constitute the basis of this analysis. Mean gestational age was 33.8 ± 4.3 weeks, birth weight 2141 ± 968 g; 431 infants being male and 339 female; 41 (5.3%) infants exhibited pathologic A-ABR results (16 bilateral and 25 unilateral). Meningitis or sepsis, craniofacial malformations, and familial hearing loss were independent significant risk factors. Median total test time was 25 minutes. Follow-up examinations in 31 infants revealed persistent hearing loss in 18 infants (13 infants sensorineural, 5 from mixed disorders), 7 requiring amplification.

Conclusion. Hearing screening in high-risk neonates revealed a total of 5% of infants with pathologic A-ABR (bilateral 2%). Significant risk factors were familial hearing loss, bacterial infections, and craniofacial abnormalities. Other perinatal complications did not significantly influence screening results indicating improved perinatal handling in a neonatal population at risk for hearing disorders.

  • hearing screening
  • neonates
  • craniofacial malformations
  • sepsis
  • familial hearing loss
  • follow-up
  • Received September 14, 1998.
  • Accepted April 8, 1999.
  • Copyright © 1999 American Academy of Pediatrics

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Pediatrics
Vol. 104, Issue 4
1 Oct 1999
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Neonatal Screening for Hearing Disorders in Infants at Risk: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Follow-up
Christiane Meyer, Jan Witte, Agnes Hildmann, Karl-Heinz Hennecke, Karl-Ulrich Schunck, Kerstin Maul, Ute Franke, Hubert Fahnenstich, Heike Rabe, Rainer Rossi, Sabine Hartmann, Ludwig Gortner
Pediatrics Oct 1999, 104 (4) 900-904; DOI: 10.1542/peds.104.4.900

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Neonatal Screening for Hearing Disorders in Infants at Risk: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Follow-up
Christiane Meyer, Jan Witte, Agnes Hildmann, Karl-Heinz Hennecke, Karl-Ulrich Schunck, Kerstin Maul, Ute Franke, Hubert Fahnenstich, Heike Rabe, Rainer Rossi, Sabine Hartmann, Ludwig Gortner
Pediatrics Oct 1999, 104 (4) 900-904; DOI: 10.1542/peds.104.4.900
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