New! Video Abstracts -- brief videos summarizing key findings of new articles
September 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 3
Table of Contents
Articles
- Adolescent E-Cigarette, Hookah, and Conventional Cigarette Use and Subsequent Marijuana Use
We sought to determine whether the well-established comorbidity between combustible cigarette smoking and subsequent marijuana use in adolescence translates to e-cigarette and hookah use.
- Marijuana Use by Breastfeeding Mothers and Cannabinoid Concentrations in Breast Milk
With this study, we quantified levels of cannabinoids ∆9-THC, 11-OH-THC, cannabidiol, and cannabinol in 54 milk samples provided by breastfeeding mothers who reported recent marijuana use.
- Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Respiratory Symptoms, and Emergency Department Use
We examined the association between TSE and related respiratory symptoms and ED and/or UC use among nonsmoking adolescents without asthma diagnoses.
- Negative Chest Radiography and Risk of Pneumonia
In this prospective study, we examine the ability of using the CXR to exclude pneumonia in children.
- Prescription Medication Use Among Children and Adolescents in the United States
We report the prevalence of acute and chronic prescription medication use, concurrent use, and potential major DDIs, among US children and adolescents.
- Efficacy of Propranolol Between 6 and 12 Months of Age in High-Risk Infantile Hemangioma
Extending propranolol treatment beyond 6 months up to 12 months of age produces a meaningful increase in the high-risk IH success rate.
- Health Care Use and Health Behaviors Among Young Adults With History of Parental Incarceration
We examined the relationship between a history of PI, health care use, and health behaviors among young adults in the United States.
- Infant Analgesia With a Combination of Breast Milk, Glucose, or Maternal Holding
Effects of breast milk on neonatal cortical response to heel stick differ depending on whether breast milk is administered alone or combined with the maternal–infant relationship.
- A Healthy Life for a Child With Medical Complexity: 10 Domains for Conceptualizing Health
In a GCM study with experts on CMC, we identified 10 outcome domains for measuring the health of CMC.
- Legislation to Increase Uptake of HPV Vaccination and Adolescent Sexual Behaviors
Legislation to raise uptake of HPV vaccination among adolescents was not associated with increases in risky sexual behavior in this quasi-experimental study.
- Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination and Autism Spectrum Disorder
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluate the association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and ASD in children in an integrated health care system in Southern California.
- Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Adolescent Vaccination
We investigated the risk for young women of developing POI after adolescent vaccination. No increased risk was observed.
- Surgeries and Health Outcomes Among Patients With Spina Bifida
In this study, we use data from the NSBPR to describe the age distribution of surgical procedures and health outcomes among patients with SB.
- Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis and Type I Error: A Trial Sequential Analysis
TSA of HS in acute viral bronchiolitis reveals that statistically significant results from conventional meta-analysis may represent false-positive evidence of benefit.
- Predicting Escalated Care in Infants With Bronchiolitis
In this global study, we derived a risk score for escalated care in bronchiolitis that may be used to aid clinicians with management and disposition decisions.
- Emergency Department Revisits After an Initial Parenteral Antibiotic Dose for UTI
We investigated the relationship between children with UTIs who receive parenteral antibiotics before ED discharge and the risk of revisits and subsequent hospitalization.
- Variations in Neonatal Antibiotic Use
Four years of California neonatal antibiotic use data reveal a substantial decline and continued unexplained variation.
- Lost Earnings and Nonmedical Expenses of Pediatric Hospitalizations
Nonmedical costs can place burdens on families of children who are hospitalized, disproportionately affecting those with competing socioeconomic challenges.
- Repeat Head CT for Expectant Management of Traumatic Epidural Hematoma
The assessment of neurologic status and initial head CT findings may allow for the reduced use of repeat CT imaging in patients with traumatic EDH.
- Pediatric Antibacterial and Antifungal Trials From 2007 to 2017
We examine the impact of BPCA and PREA on pediatric antibacterial and antifungal drug trials.
- Use of Oximetry to Determine Need for Adenotonsillectomy for Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Abnormal desaturation index is used to identify a subgroup of children with tonsillar hypertrophy and snoring who will benefit from surgery.
- Longitudinal BMI Growth Curves for Surviving Preterm NICU Infants Based on a Large US Sample
We describe how body proportionality changes with age in prematurely born infants and compare newly developed longitudinal curves with existing cross-sectional intrauterine curves.
- Adoption of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Recommendations
We examined how primary care physicians are adopting the MenB vaccine after it received a category B recommendation by the ACIP in 2015.
- Meningococcal B Vaccine Immunogenicity in Children With Defects in Complement and Splenic Function
Children with complement deficiency respond less well to immunization with 4CMenB than healthy children in the control category; surveillance for vaccine failures is required to determine the significance of this.
- Lung Ultrasound Score Predicts Surfactant Need in Extremely Preterm Neonates
We enrolled >130 extremely preterm infants in our study to demonstrate the accuracy of the LUS for an early prediction of surfactant treatment.
- Educational Disabilities Among Children Born With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
An analysis of >7000 children in Tennessee revealed that children with a history of NAS were significantly more likely to have a subsequent educational disability.
- The Risk of Offspring Psychiatric Disorders in the Setting of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes
Using a Finnish nationwide cohort, we investigate the combined effects of maternal diabetes and obesity on the risk of offspring psychiatric and mild neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Neurodevelopment After Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
With this study, we distinguish different neurodevelopmental outcome domains in perinatal stroke subtypes and specify several risk factors for these outcomes.
- Prenatal Diet and Child Growth at 18 Months
Providing an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention for pregnant women who are overweight and obese did not alter child growth and adiposity at 18 months of age.
- Short Malnourished Children and Fat Accumulation With Food Supplementation
We assess if it is justified to exclude shorter children with MAM from treatment out of fear they will accumulate too much fat.
- Sociodemographic Factors and Survival of Infants With Congenital Heart Defects
Using birth defects surveillance data linked to census and vital records, we examine sociodemographic differences in first-year survival among infants with CHDs.
- Neuroimaging of Early Life Epilepsy
This study reveals the high yield of radiographic abnormalities in children presenting with epilepsy who are <3 years old regardless of multiple clinical factors.
- Home Medication Readiness for Preschool Children With Asthma
In this study, we assess asthma medication readiness through direct observation and surveys during home visits with caregivers of urban low-income preschool-aged children with asthma.
- Behavioral Health and Adult Milestones in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV Infection or Exposure
PHIVYAs are achieving adult milestones but have high rates of psychiatric, substance use, and cognitive problems that may affect health outcomes.
- Recruitment and Retention of Community Preceptors
We provide an analysis of the challenges and proposed solutions in recruiting and retaining community preceptors from the viewpoint of pediatric department chairs.
From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Pediatrics Perspectives
Family Partnerships
Monthly Feature
Review Articles
- Sport Specialization and Risk of Overuse Injuries: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
This study is a systematic review of the relationship between sport specialization and overuse injury risk.
- Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preterm Infants: A Meta-analysis
This is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of ASD in the preterm population.
- Down Syndrome and the Risk of Severe RSV Infection: A Meta-analysis
Children with DS had a significantly higher risk of severe RSV infection (hospital admission, mortality, LOS, ICU admission, ventilation, and oxygen requirements) than children without DS.
- Preventable Adverse Drug Events Among Inpatients: A Systematic Review
We review the incidence and severity of pADEs resulting from medication errors identified by chart review or observation in pediatric inpatient settings.
Ethics Rounds
- Fertility Preservation for a Transgender Teenager
A transgender teenager refuses to consider interventions to preserve the possibility of later fertility. The doctor wonders what to do.
- Controversy About a High-Risk and Innovative Fetal Cardiac Intervention
After a fetal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease, doctors and parents disagree about the risks and benefits of an experimental fetal intervention.
Special Articles
- Understanding FDA-Approved Labeling and CDC Recommendations for Use of Vaccines
Recommendations for the use of FDA-licensed vaccines are provided by the CDC. In this article, we discuss why a difference may exist between licensure and recommendations for vaccine use.
- The Healthy Neighborhood, Healthy Families Initiative
HNHF, a hospital-led collaborative, improves social determinants through housing development. In our anchor institution case study, we document the process, effects, and lessons learned.
Quality Reports
- Family-Driven Goals to Improve Care for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Results from a QI collaborative indicated that family-driven goal setting enhances outcomes in the standardization of management of constipation and insomnia in children with ASD.
- Use of Electronic Health Record Integration for Down Syndrome Guidelines
Through EHR integration of the AAP guidelines for Down syndrome, we demonstrate an innovative approach to implementation that is sustainable and modifiable and improves adherence.
Diagnostic Dilemmas
- A 14-Year-Old Boy With Fevers, Cytopenias, and Neurocognitive Decline
A teenaged boy is admitted with 1 month of experiencing fever, cytopenias, and neurocognitive decline. How do you approach diagnostic workup and the management of this patient?
Case Reports
- D-lactic Acidosis: Successful Suppression of D-lactate–Producing Lactobacillus by Probiotics
Close monitoring of the stool microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in a pediatric patient with SBS and D-lactic acidosis reveals treatment-specific changes.
- Treatment of Ventricular Fibrillation Due to Ammonium Bifluoride Poisoning With Hemodialysis
Fluoride poisoning causes fatal ventricular dysrhythmia. We report such a case of poisoning with subsequent ventricular fibrillation, successfully treated with HD.
- ADA2 Deficiency Mimicking Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease
We report on the first case of DADA2 that mimics the clinicopathologic features of MCD.
Commentaries