July 2017, VOLUME 140 / ISSUE 1
Table of Contents
Articles
- Childhood Firearm Injuries in the United States
Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death among US children. This article examines patterns by intent, trends over time, state-level patterns, and precipitating circumstances.
- Outcomes of Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis
According to administrative data from 45 US pediatric hospitals, NOM of appendicitis is increasing and is associated with increased subsequent ED visits and hospitalizations.
- Prematurity and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the United States
Despite recommendations for safe sleep education in NICUs, national data indicate SUID rates remain inversely associated with GA.
- The Yale Observation Scale Score and the Risk of Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants
In our large prospective cohort of febrile infants, neither the YOS score nor unstructured clinician suspicion reliably identified infants with serious bacterial infections.
- Upper Respiratory Infections and Airway Adverse Events in Pediatric Procedural Sedation
We used prospectively collected data from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium to evaluate the relationship between URIs and the frequency of AAEs.
- Eggs in Early Complementary Feeding and Child Growth: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This rigorously conducted trial showed that when offered early in complementary feeding, the food-based intervention of eggs produced a large effect size on child growth.
- Early Sign Language Exposure and Cochlear Implantation Benefits
This study examines whether early sign language exposure in children with CIs influences speech recognition, speech intelligibility, language, and reading outcomes.
- Chorioamnionitis and Management of Asymptomatic Infants ≥35 Weeks Without Empiric Antibiotics
This study presents an alternative strategy eliminating immediate empirical antibiotic therapy in the management of asymptomatic chorioamnionitis-exposed infants ≥35 weeks’ gestation.
- Mother-Infant Room-Sharing and Sleep Outcomes in the INSIGHT Study
For prevention of SIDS, the AAP recommends infant-parent room-sharing until age 1. However, these new data show potential unintended consequences of room-sharing.
- The Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants
This study details patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in the first 90 days of life at 7 pediatric hospitals in Canada.
- Childhood Illness and the Gender Gap in Adolescent Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
In this study, we provide insight into mechanisms to effectively close the gender gap in adolescent education while improving child health.
- Metformin for Obesity in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The present study is an evaluation of metformin’s effect on BMI z score, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal and pubertal children who are obese.
- Attitudes Toward Tobacco 21 Among US Youth
This study examined attitudes toward Tobacco 21 among youth and their correlations with tobacco use.
- Parenting Intervention at Age 11 and Cotinine Levels at Age 20 Among African American Youth
Participation in a family-centered parenting intervention at age 11 was associated with lower cotinine levels at age 20, with program-enhanced parenting responsible for the outcome.
- Variation in Formula Supplementation of Breastfed Newborn Infants in New York Hospitals
In this study, we show that differences in maternal or infant factors can only be explained by a small portion of the variation in hospitals’ formula supplementation.
- Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Risk of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
This study highlights the need for awareness in the scientific community that ART entails an increased risk of BWS.
- Continuity of Care in Infancy and Early Childhood Health Outcomes
This study examines, in a prospectively-constructed birth cohort, the association between continuity in infancy and health care utilization and recommended preventive care in early childhood.
- Clinicians’ Perceptions of Screening for Food Insecurity in Suburban Pediatric Practice
National organizations recommend that all pediatricians screen for FI. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of screening for FI in suburban pediatric practices.
- Suburban Families’ Experience With Food Insecurity Screening in Primary Care Practices
To effectively address food insecurity and provide family-centered care, we determined parents’ perceptions of screening for food insecurity in suburban pediatrics practices.
- Impact of Prolonged Breastfeeding on Dental Caries: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study
Rigorous methodology and sophisticated statistical analysis improve the evidence of prolonged breastfeeding as a risk factor for primary dental caries.
- Access to Emergency Contraception After Removal of Age Restrictions
Same-day access to EC is examined nationally by using mystery callers. Persistent barriers remain despite regulatory changes that started in 2013, which made it OTC.
- Pilot RCT Results of an mHealth HIV Prevention Program for Sexual Minority Male Adolescents
This study reports the RCT findings of G2G, the first mobile health HIV prevention program for 14- to 18-year-old sexual minority males tested nationally.
- Preparation for Transition to Adult Care Among Medicaid-Insured Adolescents
This study of Medicaid-insured adolescents with chronic health conditions reveals deficiencies in preparation for transition to adult-focused health care via a novel youth-reported survey measure.
- Behavioral Patterns in Adolescents Born at 23 to 25 Weeks of Gestation
This study of adolescents born extremely preterm adds evidence to the proposed preterm behavioral phenotype characterized by increased risks for inattention, anxiety, and social difficulties.
- Head Growth Trajectory and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Neonates
A retrospective analysis revealed that poor HG during the neonatal and postdischarge periods was associated with motor and cognitive delays at 16 to 36 months.
- Pictograms, Units and Dosing Tools, and Parent Medication Errors: A Randomized Study
Specific improvements in the design of medication labels and strategic provision of dosing tools can significantly reduce parental risk of dosing errors.
- Implicit Weight Bias in Children Age 9 to 11 Years
Through a computerized priming task, this study captures evidence of implicit weight bias among children.
- Body Composition in Adolescents During Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Antidepressants, but not depression or anxiety, were associated with an increase in weight and body fat and a delay in longitudinal growth in older adolescents.
- Time-Use Patterns and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents
In this cross-sectional study of 1455 11- to 12-year-olds, we examined the association between 24-hour time-use patterns and HRQoL.
- Variations in Cause-of-Death Determination for Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths
ME/Cs determined causes of SUIDs by responding to hypothetical scenarios with negative autopsy findings and safe or unsafe sleeping environments.
Pediatrics Perspectives
Review Articles
- Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
This review provides an overview of the association between fetal and postnatal preoperative brain injury and NDO in infants with complex CHD.
- Health Services Use by Late Preterm and Term Infants From Infancy to Adulthood: A Meta-analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing varying HSU of late-preterm infants compared with term infants from the neonatal period to adulthood.
State-of-the-Art Review Article
- Endothelial Cell Function and Dysfunction in Critically Ill Children
This article reviews the biology of ECs in the context of critically ill children and highlights assessments and treatments for vascular dysfunction in children.
Special Article
- Development of a Curricular Framework for Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowships
PHM fellowship directors have developed a standardized curricular framework for 2-year fellowship in PHM.
Ethics Rounds
- Controversy About Dialysis for an Adolescent
An adolescent would rather die than be dialyzed through her fistula. Doctors think any other route would be too dangerous. Should they let her die?
Quality Reports
- Best Fed Beginnings: A Nationwide Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Breastfeeding
A nationwide QI initiative, entitled Best Fed Beginnings, nearly doubled the number of Baby-Friendly–designated hospitals in the United States and increased breastfeeding.
- Reducing Unnecessary Imaging for Patients With Constipation in the Pediatric Emergency Department
As part of a broader aim to improve the effectiveness of care by decreasing unnecessary imaging tests, we looked at utilization rates of abdominal radiographs.
- Implementation of Instrument-Based Vision Screening for Preschool-Age Children in Primary Care
This QI project examines the effectiveness of instrument-based vision screening for preschool-aged children in the primary care setting.
Diagnostic Dilemmas
- A 3-Week-Old With an Isolated “Blueberry Muffin” Rash
A 3-week-old infant presents to the hospital with 1 week of a “blueberry muffin” skin rash. Our panel of experts discusses diagnostic considerations.
Case Reports
- Case Report of a Hypobaric Chamber Fitness to Fly Test in a Child With Severe Cystic Lung Disease
This case report describes the use of a hypobaric chamber in assessing fitness to fly in a child with severe cystic lung disease.
- Fingertip Capillary Malformation and Associated Disorders: Report of 9 Cases
This report describes a series of 9 patients with CMs strikingly located on the fingertips associated with LVMs and with varying degrees of overgrowth.
- Acquired Resistance to Corticotropin Therapy in Nephrotic Syndrome: Role of De Novo Neutralizing Antibody
This case report tests the effectiveness of short-acting corticotropin for refractory nephrotic syndrome, and through translational research, unravels the puzzle of acquired resistance to corticotropin therapy.
- Cholestasis and Hepatic Iron Deposition in an Infant With Complex Glycerol Kinase Deficiency
This case illustrates the combined phenotype of adrenal insufficiency, muscular dystrophy, and pseudohypertriglyceridemia seen in complex glycerol kinase deficiency, and highlights hepatic siderosis as a previously undescribed association.
Commentaries