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    Pediatrics
    February 2012, VOLUME 129 / ISSUE 2
    From the American Academy of Pediatrics
    Special Article

    Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2009

    Kenneth D. Kochanek, Sharon E. Kirmeyer, Joyce A. Martin, Donna M. Strobino, Bernard Guyer
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    • FIGURE 1
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      FIGURE 1

      Percent change in birth rates by selected age of mother: United States, 2007–2009. Note: The area of each column represents the group's contribution to the overall change. Column widths are proportional to the number of births in 2007 in each group. See Sutton et al.19 Source: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

    • FIGURE 2
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      FIGURE 2

      Preterm birth rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1990–2009. Note: Preterm birth is <37 completed weeks of gestation. Source: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

    • FIGURE 3
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      FIGURE 3

      Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother, United States, 2007. Includes persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Note: Neonatal is <28 days and postneonatal is 28 days to <1 year. See Mathews et al.14. Source: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

    • FIGURE 4
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      FIGURE 4

      Revised Birth Certificate* Reporting Area, 2009. *2003 US Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Note: See Martin et al.1 Source: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

    Tables

    • Figures
    • TABLE 1

      Vital Statistics of the United States, Selected Years: 1915–2008 (Final) and 2009 Birth (Final) and Death (Preliminary)

      NumberRatea
      2009200820002009200820001990198019501915b
      Live births4 130 6654 247 6944 058 81413.514.014.416.715.924.129.5
      Fertility rateNANANA66.768.665.970.968.4106.2125.0
      Deaths2 436 6822 471 9842 403 3517.98.18.58.68.89.613.2
      Age-adjusted rateNANANA7.47.68.79.410.414.521.7
      Natural increase1 693 9831 775 7101 655 4635.55.85.98.17.114.516.3
      Infant mortality26 53128 05928 0356.426.616.899.212.629.299.9
      Population base (in thousands)NANANA307 007304 060281 422248 710226 546150 697100 546
      • 2009 data for births are final. Data for 2008 and all earlier years are final. Populations are as of July 1 for 2008 and 2009, and as of April 1 in 1950, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Population for 1915 is the midyear estimate based on the April 15, 1910, census. NA, not applicable. Data sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, and the US Census Bureau.

      • ↵a Rates per 1000 population, except for fertility, which is per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years of age, and infant mortality, which is per 1000 live births.

      • ↵b Birth rate was adjusted to include states not in registration area (10 states and the District of Columbia when started in 1915). Death rate is for death registration area. The IMR is for birth registration area.

    • TABLE 2

      Age-Specific Birth Rates and Total Fertility Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother: United States, 2009

      Age-Specific Birth Rate by Age of MotheraTotal Fertility Rateb
      15–44 yc15–17 y18–19 y20–24 y25–29 y30–34 y35–39 y40–44 y
      Total66.720.166.296.3110.597.746.510.12007.0
      Non-Hispanic White58.511.046.176.7102.697.443.99.01780.0
      Non-Hispanic Black68.932.197.5123.8101.973.236.59.02026.0
      Native Americand62.830.690.5109.190.863.929.06.51779.5
      Asian or Pacific Islander68.77.125.857.5110.5123.368.115.81956.5
      Hispanice93.341.0114.0151.2145.0108.256.114.02732.5
      • Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 OMB standards. Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data in 2009. Multiple-race data for these states were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other states. Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, natality.

      • ↵a Rates per 1000 women in age-specific group.

      • ↵b Sum of age-specific birth rates times 5 (includes rates for ages 10–14, 15–19, and 45–49 years, not shown separately).

      • ↵c Relates the number of births to women of all ages (women aged 15–44 years).

      • ↵d Includes births to Aleuts and Eskimos.

      • ↵e Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

    • TABLE 3

      Birth Rates for Teens According to Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, United States, Selected Years: 1991–2009

      Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin of MotherBirth RateaPercent Change
      200920082007200519912007–20092005–20071991–2009
      15–19 y
       All races39.141.542.540.561.8−85−37
       Non-Hispanic whiteb25.626.727.225.943.4−65−41
       Non-Hispanic blackb59.062.864.260.9118.2−85−50
       Asian or Pacific Islander14.716.216.917.027.3−13—c−46
       Native Americand55.558.459.352.784.1−613−34
       Hispanicb,e70.177.581.881.7104.6−14—c−33
      15–17 y
       All races20.121.722.121.438.6−93−48
       Non-Hispanic whiteb11.011.511.811.523.6−73−53
       Non-Hispanic blackb32.134.835.834.986.1−103−63
       Asian or Pacific Islander7.17.98.28.216.3−13—c−56
       Native Americand30.632.531.830.551.9−4—c−41
       Hispanicb,e41.046.147.948.569.2−14−1−41
      18–19 y
       All races66.270.673.969.994.0−106−30
       Non-Hispanic whiteb46.148.550.448.070.6−95−35
       Non-Hispanic blackb97.5104.6109.3103.0162.2−116−40
       Asian or Pacific Islander25.828.429.930.142.2−14—c−39
       Native Americand90.596.6101.687.6134.2−1116−33
       Hispanicb,e114.0127.2137.2134.6155.5−172−27
      • Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 OMB standards. Thirty-three states plus the District of Columbia in 2009, 30 states in 2008, 27 states in 2007, and 19 states in 2005 reported multiple-race data. Multiple-race data for these states were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other states. Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, natality.

      • ↵a Rates per 1000 women in specified group.

      • ↵b In 1991 excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin on the birth certificate.

      • ↵c Not statistically significant

      • ↵d Includes births to Aleuts and Eskimos.

      • ↵e Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

    • TABLE 4

      Percentage of Births with Selected Characteristics by Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother, United States, Selected Years: 1990, 2008, and 2009

      All RacesNon-Hispanic
WhiteNon-Hispanic BlackHispanica
      200920081990200920081990b200920081990b200920081990b
      Mother
       <20 y of age10.010.412.87.37.59.616.417.123.213.814.116.8
       ≥40 y of age2.82.71.23.02.91.22.22.10.82.32.21.2
       Unmarried41.040.628.029.028.716.972.872.366.753.252.636.7
       Diabetes during pregnancy4.84.62.14.44.32.24.24.01.85.04.82.0
       Pregnancy-associated hypertension4.13.92.74.64.43.05.04.82.82.92.81.8
       Health care utilization
       Midwife-attended birthsc7.67.53.97.57.33.26.96.94.48.18.26.2
       Cesarean delivery rate32.932.322.732.832.423.435.434.522.131.631.021.2
       Wt gain of >40 lbsd20.820.815.923.523.416.520.520.214.816.116.314.1
      Infant
       Birth weight
       LBWe8.168.187.07.197.225.613.6113.7113.36.946.966.1
      VLBWe1.451.461.271.161.180.933.063.012.931.191.201.03
       Gestational age
       Preterm birthf12.1812.3310.610.9211.148.517.4717.5418.911.9712.1011.0
       Earlyf3.513.563.32.912.982.46.226.287.43.333.333.2
       Latef8.668.777.38.008.166.111.2411.2711.58.648.777.8
       Multiple births
       Live births in twin deliveries
 (per 1000 live births)33.232.622.637.036.622.938.036.826.722.522.318.0
       Live births in higher-order multiple deliveries (per 100 000 live births)153.5147.672.8201.4198.189.8105.691.346.283.580.139.4
      • Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 OMB standards. Three-three states and the District of Columbia in 2009 and 30 states in 2008 reported multiple-race data. Multiple-race data for these states were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other states. Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, natality.

      • ↵a Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

      • ↵b Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

      • ↵c Delivered by certified nurse midwives.

      • ↵d Mother gained more than 40 pounds during pregnancy.

      • ↵e VLBW is birth weight of <1500g (3 lb, 4 oz), and LBW is birth weight of <2500g (5 lb, 8 oz).

      • ↵f Preterm indicates birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, early preterm indicates birth before 34 completed weeks of gestation, and late preterm indicates birth between 34 and 36 completed weeks of gestation.

    • TABLE 5

      Percent Preterm and Percent LBW (Final), IMR, and NMR (Preliminary), United States and Each State: 2009

      State of ResidencePretermaLBWbIMRcNMRdState of ResidencePretermaLBWbIMRcNMRd
      United States12.28.26.424.19
      Alabama15.610.38.425.15Montana10.97.15.873.34
      Alaska10.05.96.802.74Nebraska11.57.15.423.30
      Arizona12.77.15.983.98Nevada13.88.15.873.99
      Arkansas13.18.97.704.27New Hampshire9.96.94.863.36
      California10.36.84.943.33New Jersey12.08.35.123.63
      Colorado11.38.86.254.20New Mexico12.38.35.313.24
      Connecticut10.28.05.504.19New York12.28.25.323.65
      Delaware12.58.67.875.71North Carolina13.09.07.925.31
      District of Columbia14.210.39.406.08North Dakota10.66.46.113.33
      Florida13.58.76.884.48Ohio12.38.67.685.21
      Georgia13.89.48.155.62Oklahoma13.88.47.904.43
      Hawaii12.68.46.144.55Oregon9.86.34.813.33
      Idaho10.16.55.443.41Pennsylvania11.58.37.144.88
      Illinois12.48.46.904.39Rhode Island11.48.06.204.98
      Indiana11.98.37.824.96South Carolina14.510.07.414.49
      Iowa11.36.74.582.72South Dakota10.95.86.703.77
      Kansas11.27.36.984.25Tennessee13.09.28.004.77
      Kentucky13.68.96.793.49Texas13.18.55.993.78
      Louisiana14.710.68.695.09Utah11.37.05.293.90
      Maine9.96.35.423.93Vermont9.36.76.224.42
      Maryland12.79.17.275.18Virginia11.48.47.144.67
      Massachusetts10.97.85.033.85Washington10.36.34.912.84
      Michigan12.48.47.525.13West Virginia12.99.27.765.22
      Minnesota10.16.54.612.69Wisconsin10.97.16.083.98
      Mississippi18.012.210.026.13Wyoming11.28.45.963.55
      Missouri12.28.17.164.51
      • Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

      • ↵a Preterm birth is <37 weeks of completed gestation.

      • ↵b LBW is <2500 g.

      • ↵c Infant deaths (< 1 year) per 1000 live births.

      • ↵d Neonatal deaths (<28 days) per 1000 live births.

    • TABLE 6

      Deaths, Percentages of Total Deaths, and Mortality Rates for the 10 Leading Causes of Infant Death: United States, 2008 (Final) and 2009 (Preliminary)

      Causes of Death and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision Codes12Ranka20092008
      n%Ratecn%Ratec
      All causes—b26 531100.0642.128 059100.0660.6
      Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00–Q99)1535820.2129.7563820.1132.7
      Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified (P07)2446316.8108.0475416.9111.9
      Sudden infant death syndrome (R95)321688.252.523538.455.4
      Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy (P01)415866.038.417656.341.6
      Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01-X59)511584.428.013154.731.0
      Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes (P02)610223.924.710803.825.4
      Bacterial sepsis of newborn (P36)76822.616.57002.516.5
      Respiratory distress of newborn (P22)85872.214.26302.214.8
      Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99)95652.113.75942.114.0
      Neonatal hemorrhage (P50–P52,P54)105372.013.05562.013.1
      • Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System: mortality, 2009 and 2008 (www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_tables.htm).

      • a Rank is based on 2009 data.

      • ↵b Indicates that data are not applicable.

      • ↵c IMRs are per 100 000 live births.

    • TABLE 7

      Number of Live Births for 2009 and IMRs for 2007, 2008, and 2009 for 30 Countries

      CountryNo. of Births in 2009/2010aIMR
      200920082007
      Hong Kong82 0951.71.81.8
      Japan1 070 0352.42.62.6
      Sweden115 641a2.52.52.5
      Finland60 980a2.62.62.7
      Czech Republic117 153a2.92.83.1
      Norway61 442a3.12.73.1
      Greece117 9333.12.73.5
      Denmark63 4113.14.04.0
      Republic of Korea444 8493.23.53.6
      Ireland73 940a3.23.83.1
      Spain479 999a3.33.33.5
      Belgium127 000a3.43.74.0
      Germany681 000a3.53.53.9
      Portugal101 3203.63.33.4
      Italy561 980a3.73.33.5
      Austria78 742a3.83.73.7
      Israel165 950a3.83.83.9
      Netherlands183 866a3.83.84.1
      France829 000a3.93.83.8
      Switzerland80 000a4.34.03.9
      Australia295 7384.34.14.2
      United Kingdom778 823a4.74.64.8
      Cuba130 0364.84.75.3
      New Zealand62 5434.95.04.9
      Canada377 886—b5.1c5.1
      Hungary90 350a5.15.65.9
      Croatia44 5775.34.55.6
      Poland413 300a5.65.66
      Slovenia60 410a5.75.96.1
      United States4 130 6656.4d6.66.8
      • Data sources: Tables 9 and 15 in United Nations Demographic Yearbook, 2008.18

      • ↵a Data are for 2010.

      • ↵b Data are not available.

      • ↵c Statistics Canada, CANSIM, table 102-0504 and Catalogue no. 84F0211X.

      • ↵d Preliminary data.

    • TABLE 8

      Deaths and Death Rates for the 5 Leading Causes of Childhood Death in Specified Age Groups, United States, 2008 (Final) and 2009 (Preliminary)

      Age, Causes of Death, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Codes12Ranka20092008
      n%Ratebn%Rateb
      Total: 1–19 y
       All causes—c21 542100.027.222 788100.029.1
       Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)1787136.59.9886938.911.3
       Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1)2259712.13.3283612.43.6
       Intentional self-harm (suicide) (*U03,X60–-X84,Y87.0)319228.92.418268.02.3
       Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97)418968.82.419698.62.5
       Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00–Q99)510624.91.310824.71.4
       Diseases of heart (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51)66793.20.97783.41.0
       Influenza and pneumonia (J09–J18)75212.40.72951.30.4
       Chronic lower respiratory diseases (J40-J47)82601.20.32441.10.3
       Septicemia (A40–A41)91850.90.22080.90.3
       Cerebrovascular diseases (I60–I69)101740.80.22321.00.3
      1–4 y
       All causes—c4448100.026.14730100.028.3
       Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)1144632.58.5146931.18.8
       Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00–Q99)248510.92.852111.03.1
       Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1)33858.72.34218.92.5
       Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97)43497.82.03948.32.4
       Diseases of heart (I00-I09,I11,I13,I20–I51)51543.50.91863.91.1
      5–9 y
       All causes—c2508100.012.22502100.012.5
       Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)177630.93.883533.44.2
       Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97)246718.62.345718.32.3
       Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00–Q99)31897.50.91706.80.8
       Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1)41184.70.61134.50.6
       Influenza and pneumonia (J09–-J18)51114.40.5401.60.2
      10–14 y
       All causes—c3121100.015.63149100.015.7
       Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)189128.54.5102432.55.1
       Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97)242613.62.143313.82.2
       Intentional self-harm (suicide) (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0)32598.31.32156.81.1
       Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1)42016.41.02076.61.0
       Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00–Q99)51615.20.81615.10.8
      15–19 y
       All causes—c11 465100.053.212 407100.057.7
       Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)1475841.522.1554144.725.8
       Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1)2189316.58.8209516.99.7
       Intentional self-harm (suicide) (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0)3165614.47.7160412.97.5
       Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97)46545.73.06855.53.2
       Diseases of heart (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51)53252.81.53632.91.7
      • Data source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / NCHS, National Vital Statistics System: mortality, 2009 and 2008 (www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_tables.htm).

      • ↵a Rank is based on 2009 data.

      • ↵b Rate per 100 000 population in specified group.

      • ↵c Indicates that data are not available.

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    Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2009
    Kenneth D. Kochanek, Sharon E. Kirmeyer, Joyce A. Martin, Donna M. Strobino, Bernard Guyer
    Pediatrics Feb 2012, 129 (2) 338-348; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3435

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    Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2009
    Kenneth D. Kochanek, Sharon E. Kirmeyer, Joyce A. Martin, Donna M. Strobino, Bernard Guyer
    Pediatrics Feb 2012, 129 (2) 338-348; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3435
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