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TABLE 1 Classification of Sports According to Contact
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a Adventure racing has been added since the previous statement was published and is defined as a combination of 2 or more disciplines, including orienteering and navigation, cross-country running, mountain biking, paddling, and climbing and rope skills.1
b The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes participation in boxing for children, adolescents, and young adults.2
c The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting bodybuilding and power lifting until the adolescent achieves sexual maturity rating 5 (Tanner stage V).
d Extreme sports has been added since the previous statement was published.
e The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting the amount of body checking allowed for hockey players 15 years and younger, to reduce injuries.
f Martial arts can be subclassified as judo, jujitsu, karate, kung fu, and tae kwon do; some forms are contact sports and others are limited-contact sports.
g Orienteering is a race (contest) in which competitors use a map and a compass to find their way through unfamiliar territory.
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