TABLE 3 Multivariate Linear Regression Models for Relationship of Diet and BMC to PMI or Lactose Maldigestion Status Among 10- to 13-Year-Old Girls
|
Adjusted Differences Between Girls With and Without PMI or LM |
95% Confidence Interval |
P |
|
| Dietary calcium or milk intake |
|
|
|
| PMI (independent variable) and separate models for dependent variables (n = 210)a |
|
|
|
| Total calcium from food, mg |
–212 |
–394 to –29 |
.023 |
| Calcium exclusively from dairy foods, mg |
–168 |
–303 to –34 |
.015 |
| Total dairy calcium, mgb |
–188 |
–352 to –24 |
.025 |
| Calcium from nondairy foods, mg |
–23 |
–61 to 14 |
.222 |
| Calcium from mixed foods, mgb |
–20 |
–100 to 60 |
.625 |
| Servings of milk, cups per d |
–0.48 |
–0.82 to –0.14 |
.006 |
| LM status (independent variable) and separate models for dependent variables (n = 219)c |
|
|
|
| Total calcium from food, mg |
–6 |
–184 to 172 |
.945 |
| Calcium exclusively from dairy foods, mg |
9 |
–121 to 139 |
.889 |
| Servings of milk, cups per d |
0.14 |
–0.19 to 0.47 |
.410 |
| Bone status as BMC |
|
|
|
| PMI (independent variable) and separate models for dependent variables (n = 246)a |
|
|
|
| Total body BMC, g |
–69.65 |
–147.74 to 8.45 |
.080 |
| Spine (L2–L4) BMC, g |
–2.52 |
–4.39 to –0.64 |
.009 |
| Total hip BMC, g |
–0.95 |
–2.05 to 0.15 |
.089 |
| Femoral neck BMC, g |
–0.14 |
–0.30 to 0.02 |
.083 |
| LM status (independent variable) and separate models for dependent variables (n = 220)c |
|
|
|
| Total body BMC, g, |
30.88 |
–45.07 to 106.82 |
.424 |
| Spine (L2–L4) BMC, g |
–0.12 |
–1.94 to 1.71 |
.898 |
| Total hip BMC, g |
0.21 |
–0.83 to 1.26 |
.689 |
| Femoral neck BMC, g |
0.078 |
–0.08 to 0.23 |
.317 |
|
LM indicates lactose maldigestion.
a With PMI was coded as 1 and without PMI as 0. Results were adjusted for location (California or Indiana), race/ethnic group (Asian, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic white), and age (years). Diet models were also adjusted for weight. Bone models were also adjusted for BMI and Tanner score. A negative adjusted difference indicates lower BMC among girls with PMI, compared with girls without PMI.
b For mixed foods, such as pizza, some of the calcium would be from dairy sources (cheese) and some of the calcium from nondairy sources (crust, sauce, and vegetables). Total dairy calcium is the sum of calcium exclusively from dairy foods (milk) and calcium from mixed foods.
c Lactose maldigester was coded as 0 and lactose digester as 1. Results were adjusted for location, race/ethnic group, and age. Diet models were also adjusted for weight. Bone models were also adjusted for BMI and Tanner score. A positive adjusted difference indicates higher BMC among lactose maldigesters, compared with digesters.
