PEDIATRICS Vol. 106 No. 2 August 2000, pp. 343

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS:
Corporal Punishment in Schools

Committee on School Health

	ABSTRACT

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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used.

	ARTICLE

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It is estimated that corporal punishment is administered between 1 and 2 million times a year in schools in the United States.¹ Increasingly, states are abolishing corporal punishment as a means of discipline, but statutes in some states still allow school officials to use this form of discipline.^2-4

The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that corporal punishment may affect adversely a student's self-image and school achievement and that it may contribute to disruptive and violent student behavior.^1,5-7 Alternative methods of behavioral management have proved more effective than corporal punishment and are specifically described in the reference articles.^5-7 Physical force or constraint by a school official may be required in a limited number of carefully selected circumstances to protect students and staff from physical injury, to disarm a student, or to prevent property damage.

The American Academy of Pediatrics urges parents, educators, school administrators, school board members, legislators, and others to seek the legal prohibition by all states of corporal punishment in schools and to encourage the use of alternative methods of managing student behavior.

COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL HEALTH, 1999-2000
Howard L. Taras, MD, Chairperson
David A. Cimino, MD
Jane W. McGrath, MD
Robert D. Murray, MD
Wayne A. Yankus, MD
Thomas L. Young, MD

LIAISONS
Evan Pattishall III, MD
 American School Health Association
Missy Fleming, PhD
 American Medical Association
Maureen Glendon, RNCS, MSN, CRNP
  National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners
Lois Harrison-Jones, EdD
  American Association of School Administrators
Linda Wolfe, RN, BSN, MEd, CSN
 National Association of School Nurses
Jerald L. Newberry, MEd
  National Education Association, Health Information Network
Mary Vernon, MD, MPH
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CONSULTANT
Paula Duncan, MD

STAFF
Su Li, MPA

	FOOTNOTES

The recommendations in this statement do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.

	REFERENCES

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1. 1986-1987 Elementary and Secondary Schools Civil Rights Survey, National Summary of Projected Data. Washington, DC: Office of Civil Rights, US Department of Education; 1987
2. The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives. States Which Have Abolished Corporal Punishment as a Means of Discipline in the Schools. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University; 1994
3. Dolins JC, Christoffel KK Reducing violent injuries: priorities for pediatrician advocacy. Pediatrics. 1994; 94:638-651 [Abstract]
4. 1990 Elementary Secondary School Civil Rights Survey, National State Summary of Projected Data. Washington, DC: Office of Civil Rights, US Department of Education; 1992
5. Poole SR, Ushkow MC, Nader PR, The role of the pediatrician in abolishing corporal punishment in schools. Pediatrics. 1991; 88:162-176 [Abstract/Free Full Text]
6. Hyman IA, Wise JH, eds. Corporal Punishment in American Education: Readings in History, Practice and Alternatives. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1979
7. Hyman HA, McDowell E, Raines B. In: Wise JH, ed. Proceedings: Conference on Corporal Punishment in the Schools: A National Debate. Washington, DC: National Institute of Education; 1977