Published online November 18, 2008
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 Supplement December 2008, pp. S231-S232 (doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1285b)
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SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE


Introduction

Ron Keren, MD, MPH

Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abbreviations: UTI—urinary tract infection • VUR—vesicoureteral reflux • CTC—clinical treatment center • DCC—data coordinating center

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in young febrile children. Between 70 000 and 180 000 of the ~4 million children born in the United States each year will have a UTI by the age of 6 years.1,2 Infections of the urinary tract can progress to acute pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidneys and ureters), which in turn can lead to renal scarring,3–6 renal insufficiency, hypertension,7–10 or renal failure necessitating hemodialysis.

The current standard of care for young children diagnosed with a UTI is to perform a renal ultrasound to identify anatomic abnormalities of the kidneys and collecting system and a voiding cystourethrogram or a radionuclide cystogram to evaluate for the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR),11 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Address correspondence to Ron Keren, MD, MPH, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, 3535 Market St, Room 1524, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: keren@email.chop.edu


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