PEDIATRICS Vol. 106 No. 4 October 2000, pp. 798-817
SPECIAL ARTICLE:
Year 2000 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs
| The first 300 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) endorses early detection of, and intervention for infants with hearing loss (early hearing detection and intervention, [EHDI]) through integrated, interdisciplinary state and national systems of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS), evaluation, and family-centered intervention. The goal of EHDI is to maximize linguistic and communicative competence and literacy development for children who are hard of hearing or deaf. Without appropriate opportunities to learn language, children who are hard of hearing or deaf will fall behind their hearing peers in language, cognition, and social-emotional development. Such delays may result in lower educational and employment levels in adulthood (Gallaudet University Center for Assessment and Demographic Study, 1998). Thus, all infants' hearing should be screened using objective, physiologic measures to identify those with congenital or neonatal onset hearing loss. Audiologic evaluation and medical evaluations should be in progress before 3 months of age. Infants with confirmed hearing loss should receive intervention before 6 months of age from health care and education professionals with expertise in hearing loss and deafness in infants and young children. Regardless of prior hearing screening outcomes, all infants who demonstrate risk indicators for delayed onset or progressive hearing loss should receive ongoing audiologic and medical monitoring for 3 years and at appropriate intervals thereafter to ensure prompt identification and intervention (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 1997). EHDI systems should guarantee seamless transitions for infants and their families through this process.
Appropriate early intervention programs are family-centered,
interdisciplinary, culturally competent, and build on informed choice
for families (Baker-Hawkins and Easterbrooks, 1994). To achieve
informed decision-making, families should have access to professional,
educational, and consumer organizations; and they should have
opportunities to interact with adults and children who are hard of
hearing and deaf (Ogden, 1996; Thompson, 1994). Families should have
access to general information on child development and
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
The following policy statement is a revision:
- Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs
Pediatrics 120: 898-921.[Full Text]
The following policy statement has been revised:
- Newborn and Infant Hearing Loss: Detection and Intervention
Pediatrics 103: 527-530.[Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  W. D'haenens, I. Dhooge, L. Maes, A. Bockstael, H. Keppler, B. Philips, F. Swinnen, and B. M. Vinck The Clinical Value of the Multiple-Frequency 80-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response in Adults With Normal Hearing and Hearing Loss Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, May 1, 2009; 135(5): 496 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W Chang, T J O-Lee, and M. Price Evaluation of unilateral referrals on neonatal hearing screening J Med Screen, March 1, 2009; 16(1): 17 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Halloran, J. M. Hardin, and T. C. Wall Validity of Pure-Tone Hearing Screening at Well-Child Visits Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2009; 163(2): 158 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Foulon, A. Naessens, W. Foulon, A. Casteels, and F. Gordts Hearing Loss in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Relation to the Maternal Trimester in Which the Maternal Primary Infection Occurred Pediatrics, December 1, 2008; 122(6): e1123 - e1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Committee on Fetus and Newborn Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate Pediatrics, November 1, 2008; 122(5): 1119 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Cristobal and J S Oghalai Hearing loss in children with very low birth weight: current review of epidemiology and pathophysiology Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2008; 93(6): F462 - F468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
US Preventive Services Task Force Universal Screening for Hearing Loss in Newborns: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Pediatrics, July 1, 2008; 122(1): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. D. Nelson, C. Bougatsos, and P. Nygren Universal Newborn Hearing Screening: Systematic Review to Update the 2001 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Pediatrics, July 1, 2008; 122(1): e266 - e276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Fitzpatrick, D. Angus, A. Durieux-Smith, I. D. Graham, and D. Coyle Parents' Needs Following Identification of Childhood Hearing Loss Am J Audiol, June 1, 2008; 17(1): 38 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Mason, M. Gaffney, D. R. Green, and S. D. Grosse Measures of Follow-Up in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs: A Need for Standardization Am J Audiol, June 1, 2008; 17(1): 60 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Declau, A. Boudewyns, J. Van den Ende, A. Peeters, and P. van den Heyning Etiologic and Audiologic Evaluations After Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening: Analysis of 170 Referred Neonates Pediatrics, June 1, 2008; 121(6): 1119 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Tharpe and D. P. Sladen Causation of Permanent Unilateral and Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss in Children Trends in Amplification, March 1, 2008; 12(1): 17 - 25. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Ross, W. J. Holstrum, M. Gaffney, D. Green, R. F. Oyler, and J. S. Gravel Hearing Screening and Diagnostic Evaluation of Children With Unilateral and Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss Trends in Amplification, March 1, 2008; 12(1): 27 - 34. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Krumm, T. Huffman, K. Dick, and R. Klich Telemedicine for audiology screening of infants J Telemed Telecare, March 1, 2008; 14(2): 102 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Section on Surgery and the Committee on Fetus and Postdischarge Follow-up of Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Pediatrics, March 1, 2008; 121(3): 627 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-l. Liu, J. Farrell, J. R. MacNeil, S. Stone, and W. Barfield Evaluating Loss to Follow-up in Newborn Hearing Screening in Massachusetts Pediatrics, February 1, 2008; 121(2): e335 - e343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. C. Papsin and K. A. Gordon Cochlear Implants for Children with Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss N. Engl. J. Med., December 6, 2007; 357(23): 2380 - 2387. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nathani, D. K. Oller, and A. R. Neal On the Robustness of Vocal Development: An Examination of Infants With Moderate-to-Severe Hearing Loss and Additional Risk Factors J Speech Lang Hear Res, December 1, 2007; 50(6): 1425 - 1444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): 898 - 921. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Mercier, S. E. Barry, K. Paul, T. V. Delaney, J. D. Horbar, R. C. Wasserman, P. Berry, and J. S. Shaw Improving Newborn Preventive Services at the Birth Hospitalization: A Collaborative, Hospital-Based Quality-Improvement Project Pediatrics, September 1, 2007; 120(3): 481 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Dorros, E. Kurtzer-White, M. Ahlgren, P. Simon, and B. Vohr Medical Home for Children With Hearing Loss: Physician Perspectives and Practices Pediatrics, August 1, 2007; 120(2): 288 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Patel, L. D. Cahill, J. Ret, V. Schmithorst, D. Choo, and S. Holland Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hearing-Impaired Children Under Sedation Before Cochlear Implantation Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, July 1, 2007; 133(7): 677 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. MacNeil, C.-l. Liu, S. Stone, and J. Farrell Evaluating Families' Satisfaction With Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Services in Massachusetts Am J Audiol, June 1, 2007; 16(1): 29 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B O Olusanya, L M Luxon, and S L Wirz Ethical issues in screening for hearing impairment in newborns in developing countries. J. Med. Ethics, October 1, 2006; 32(10): 588 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Moeller, K. R. White, and L. Shisler Primary Care Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Newborn Hearing Screening Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1357 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Liske, C. S. Greeley, D. J. Law, J. D. Reich, W. R. Morrow, H. S. Baldwin, T. P. Graham, A. W. Strauss, A. L. Kavanaugh-McHugh, and W. F. Walsh Report of the Tennessee Task Force on Screening Newborn Infants for Critical Congenital Heart Disease Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): e1250 - e1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Gardner, E. Oitmaa, A. Messner, L. Hoefsloot, A. Metspalu, and I. Schrijver Simultaneous Multigene Mutation Detection in Patients With Sensorineural Hearing Loss Through a Novel Diagnostic Microarray: A New Approach for Newborn Screening Follow-up Pediatrics, September 1, 2006; 118(3): 985 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. O OLUSANYA and A. A OKOLO Revisiting the ten questions questionnaire for developing countries Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 35(4): 1103 - 1103. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Wang, E. A. McGlynn, R. H. Brook, C. H. Leonard, R. E. Piecuch, S. I. Hsueh, and M. A. Schuster Quality-of-Care Indicators for the Neurodevelopmental Follow-up of Very Low Birth Weight Children: Results of an Expert Panel Process. Pediatrics, June 1, 2006; 117(6): 2080 - 2092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Arnold, T. C. Davis, S. G. Humiston, J. A. Bocchini Jr, P. F. Bass III, A. Bocchini, E. M. Kennen, K. White, and I. Forsman Infant Hearing Screening: Stakeholder Recommendations for Parent-Centered Communication Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 117(5/S1): S341 - S354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Weichbold, D. Nekahm-Heis, and K. Welzl-Mueller Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Postnatal Hearing Loss Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): e631 - e636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Seewald, S. Moodie, S. Scollie, and M. Bagatto The DSL Method for Pediatric Hearing Instrument Fitting: Historical Perspective and Current Issues Trends in Amplification, December 1, 2005; 9(4): 145 - 157. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Halloran, T. C. Wall, H. H. Evans, J. M. Hardin, and A. L. Woolley Hearing Screening at Well-Child Visits Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, October 1, 2005; 159(10): 949 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Johnson, K. R. White, J. E. Widen, J. S. Gravel, M. James, T. Kennalley, A. B. Maxon, L. Spivak, M. Sullivan-Mahoney, B. R. Vohr, et al. A Multicenter Evaluation of How Many Infants With Permanent Hearing Loss Pass a Two-Stage Otoacoustic Emissions/Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Newborn Hearing Screening Protocol Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 116(3): 663 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Wake, Z Poulakis, E K Hughes, C Carey-Sargeant, and F W Rickards Hearing impairment: a population study of age at diagnosis, severity, and language outcomes at 7-8 years Arch. Dis. Child., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 238 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Committee on Pediatric Workforce Ensuring Culturally Effective Pediatric Care: Implications for Education and Health Policy Pediatrics, December 1, 2004; 114(6): 1677 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Schrijver Hereditary Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Transforming Silence to Sound J. Mol. Diagn., November 1, 2004; 6(4): 275 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B O Olusanya, L M Luxon, and S L Wirz Infant hearing screening: route to informed choice Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 1039 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ashwal, B. S. Russman, P. A. Blasco, G. Miller, A. Sandler, M. Shevell, and R. Stevenson Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society Neurology, March 23, 2004; 62(6): 851 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Cash Academy releases hearing assessment guidelines AAP News, February 1, 2003; 22(2): 80 - 80. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cunningham, E. O. Cox, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, and Section on Otolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology Hearing Assessment in Infants and Children: Recommendations Beyond Neonatal Screening Pediatrics, February 1, 2003; 111(2): 436 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Keren, M. Helfand, C. Homer, H. McPhillips, and T. A. Lieu Projected Cost-Effectiveness of Statewide Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Pediatrics, November 1, 2002; 110(5): 855 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Rivera, S. B. Boppana, K. B. Fowler, W. J. Britt, S. Stagno, and R. F. Pass Predictors of Hearing Loss in Children With Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Pediatrics, October 1, 2002; 110(4): 762 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Howse, N. S. Green, and A. L. Mehl Congratulations! But Don't Forget to Evaluate Pediatrics, October 1, 2002; 110(4): 848 - 848. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Rosenfeld, R. A. Hoffman, J. R. Madell, J. L. Paradise, H. M. Feldman, and H. E. Rockette Effect of Early or Delayed Tympanostomy-Tube Insertion for Persistent Otitis Media N. Engl. J. Med., August 9, 2001; 345(6): 465 - 466. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. O'Keefe Panel endorses newborn hearing screenings, early intervention AAP News, September 28, 2000; 17(4): 161 - 162. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
