PEDIATRICS Vol. 99 No. 6 June 1997, pp. 808-813
Impact of Zinc Supplementation on Morbidity From Diarrhea and Respiratory Infections Among Rural Guatemalan Children
Received Jun 11, 1996; accepted Sep 30, 1996.
,
, and
From the * International Food Policy Research Institute,
Washington, DC; previously at the Institute of Nutrition of Central
America and Panama/Pan American Health Organization, Guatemala City,
Guatemala; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos,
Mexico; § Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama/Pan
American Health Organization, Guatemala City, Guatemala; and
Department of Nutrition and Program in International Nutrition,
University of California, Davis, California.
Objective. A community-based, randomized, double-blind intervention trial was conducted to measure the impact of zinc supplementation on young Guatemalan children's morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections.
Methods. Children aged 6 to 9 months were randomly assigned to receive 4 mL of a beverage containing 10 mg of zinc (as zinc sulfate) daily (7 d/wk) for 7 months (n = 45) or a placebo (n = 44). Morbidity data were collected daily. Diagnoses of diarrhea, fever, and anorexia were based on mothers' definitions. Respiratory infections were defined as the presence of at least two of the following symptoms: runny nose, cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, or fever.
Results. High rates of diarrhea and respiratory infections
were reported. Children from the placebo group had a 20% episodic prevalence of diarrhea, with 8 episodes/100 d, and a 7% episodic prevalence of respiratory infections, with 3 episodes/100 d. The median
incidence of diarrhea among children who received zinc supplementation
was reduced by 22% (Wilcoxon rank test), with larger reductions among
boys and among children with weight-for-length at baseline lower than
the median of the sample (39% reductions in both subgroups). Zinc
supplementation also produced a 67% reduction in the percentage of
children who had one or more episodes of persistent diarrhea
(
2 test). No significant effects were found on the
episodic prevalence of diarrhea, the number of days per episode, or the
episodic prevalence or incidence of respiratory infections.
Conclusions. The large impact of zinc supplementation on diarrhea incidence suggests that young, rural Guatemalan children may be zinc deficient and that zinc supplementation may be an effective intervention to improve their health and growth.
Key words: diarrhea, Guatemala, experimental trial, micronutrients, respiratory infections, zinc.
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