PEDIATRICS Vol. 99 No. 2 February 1997, pp. 222-225
Trial in Children With Chronic Hepatitis B
Who Had Previously Not Responded to Interferon-
Therapy
Received Nov 14, 1995; accepted Apr 10, 1996.
,
,
From the * Department of Pediatrics,
Hepatology Unit, and
§ Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz,
Madrid, Spain.
Background. Recombinant interferon
(IFN-
) treatment is useful in 40% of children with chronic
hepatitis B. However, nonresponder children continue to have viral
replication and a progressive disease.
Objective. To administer natural IFN-
to hepatitis B
virus chronic carrier children who had not responded to a previous
IFN-
cycle.
Methods. Twenty-two children with chronic hepatitis B,
nonresponders to a previous IFN-
cycle, were retreated with 5 MU/m2 of body surface of natural IFN-
, administered
intramuscularly, three times per week for 24 weeks.
Results. At the end of treatment, 9 (41%) of 22 children became hepatitis B virus DNA negative. Hepatitis B e antibodies (anti-HBe) developed in 5 of these children, and 6 had normal alanine aminotransferase values. At the end of the posttreatment follow-up (21 months from the beginning of the study), 10 (45%) of 22 children were viral DNA negative, 7 (32%) of 22 were anti-HBe positive (none of them had viral DNA in serum), and 11 (50%) of 22 had normal alanine aminotransferase levels (10 without detectable viral DNA and 7 anti-HBe positive).
Conclusion. IFN-
seems to be an effective retreatment
therapy for children with chronic hepatitis B who are nonresponders to
a first IFN-
cycle; however, a controlled study should be performed
to confirm these results.