PEDIATRICS Vol. 99 No. 1 January 1997, pp. 15-22
Excess Fruit Juice Consumption by Preschool-aged Children Is Associated With Short Stature and Obesity
Received Oct 18, 1995; accepted Mar 7, 1996.
,
From the * Mary Imogene Bassett Research Institute, Bassett
Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York and the Department of Pediatrics,
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New
York.
Background. In a referral population of young children, excessive fruit juice consumption has been reported to be a contributing factor in nonorganic failure to thrive.
Objective. To evaluate, in a population-based sample of healthy children, fruit juice consumption and its effects on growth parameters during early childhood.
Design. Cross-sectional study.
Setting. General primary care health center in upstate New York.
Participants. One hundred sixteen 2-year-old children and one hundred seven 5-year-old children, who were scheduled for a nonacute visit, and their primary care taker/parent were recruited over a 2-year period.
Measurements. For 168 children (ninety-four 2-year-old children and seventy-four 5-year-old children), mean dietary intake was calculated from 7 days of written dietary records, entered, and analyzed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System. Height was measured using a Harpenden Stadiometer. Weight was measured using a standard balance beam scale.
Results. The 2-year-old and 5-year-old children consumed,
on average, 5.9 and 5.0 fl oz/day of fruit juice and 9.8 and 11.0 fl
oz/day of milk, respectively. Nineteen children (11%) consumed 
12 fl
oz/day of juice. Forty-two percent of children consuming 12 fl oz/day
of juice had short stature (height less than 20th sex-specific
percentile for age) vs 14% of children drinking less than 12 fl oz/day
of juice. Obesity was more common among children drinking 12 fl
oz/day of juice compared with those drinking less juice: 53% vs 32%
had a body mass index 75th age- and sex-specific percentile; 32% vs
9% had a body mass index 90th age- and sex-specific percentile; and
32% vs 5% had a ponderal index 90th age-specific percentile. After
adjustment for maternal height, child age, child sex, and child age-sex
interaction, children consuming 12 fl oz/day of juice, compared with
those drinking less than 12 fl oz/day of juice, were shorter (86.5 vs
89.3 cm and 106.5 vs 111.2 cm for the 2-year-old and 5-year-old
children, respectively) and more overweight (body mass index = 17.2 vs 16.3 kg/m2 and ponderal index = 18.4 vs 16.8 kg/m3).
Conclusions. Consumption of 12 fl oz/day of fruit juice
by young children was associated with short stature and with obesity. Parents and care takers should limit young children's consumption of
fruit juice to less than 12 fl oz/day.
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