Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Working Group Report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Background. The "Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children—1987" developed normative blood pressure (BP) data for children and adolescents. These normative data are used to classify BP levels. Since 1987, additional BP data in children and adolescents, the use of newer classes of drugs, and the role of primary prevention of hypertension have expanded the body of knowledge regarding the classification and treatment of hypertension in the young.

Objective. To report new normative BP data in children and adolescents and to provide additional information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypertension in children.

Methods. A working group was appointed by the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as chair of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Coordinating Committee. Data on children from the 1988 through 1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and nine additional national data sets were combined to develop normative BP tables. The working group members produced initial draft documents that were reviewed by NHBPEP Coordinating Committee representatives as well as experts in pediatrics, cardiology, and hypertension. This reiterative process occurred for 12 draft documents. The NHBPEP Coordinating Committee discussed the report, and additional comments were received. Differences of opinion were adjudicated by the chair of the working group. The final report was sent to representatives of the 44 organizations on the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee for vote. It was approved unanimously by the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee on October 2, 1995.

Conclusions. This report provides new normative BP tables for children and adolescents, which now include height percentiles, age, and gender. The fifth Korotkoff sound is now used to define diastolic BP in children and adolescents. New charts have been developed to guide practicing clinicians in antihypertensive drug therapy selection. The primary prevention of hypertension in these age groups is discussed. A statement on public health considerations in the treatment of children and adolescents is provided.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Facebook    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P C Midgley, B Wardhaugh, C Macfarlane, R Magowan, and C J H Kelnar Blood pressure in children aged 4-8 years: comparison of Omron HEM 711 and sphygmomanometer blood pressure measurements Arch. Dis. Child., December 1, 2009; 94(12): 955 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Senese, N. D. Almeida, A. K. Fath, B. T. Smith, and E. B. Loucks Associations Between Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Adulthood Obesity Epidemiol. Rev., November 1, 2009; 31(1): 21 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A E Feldstein, P Charatcharoenwitthaya, S Treeprasertsuk, J T Benson, F B Enders, and P Angulo The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: a follow-up study for up to 20 years Gut, November 1, 2009; 58(11): 1538 - 1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. J. Martens, J. P. Rake, G. Navis, V. Fidler, C. M. L. van Dael, and G. P. A. Smit Renal Function in Glycogen Storage Disease Type I, Natural Course, and Renopreservative Effects of ACE Inhibition Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2009; 4(11): 1741 - 1746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. A. Olowu, K. A. Adelusola, O. Adefehinti, and T. G. Oyetunji Quartan malaria-associated childhood nephrotic syndrome: now a rare clinical entity in malaria endemic Nigeria Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 26, 2009; (2009) gfp536v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Ataei, M. Hosseini, and M. Iranmanesh The Relationship of Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Iranian Children <7 Years Old J Trop Pediatr, October 1, 2009; 55(5): 313 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Hobbs, G.-M. Barletta, J. S. Rajpal, M. N. Rajpal, D. P. Weismantel, J. D. Birmingham, and T. E. Bunchman Severe paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis--a single centre experience Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 15, 2009; (2009) gfp481v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-W. Kengne, L. Massella, F.-C. Diomedi, A. Gianviti, M. Vivarelli, M. Greco, G. S. Rita, and F. Emma Risk Factors for Cyclosporin A Nephrotoxicity in Children with Steroid-Dependant Nephrotic Syndrome Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2009; 4(9): 1409 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Yin, H. Wills, N. Clarke, J. Shacks, C. Bottrell, and M. K. Poulsen Cardiovascular Risk in Preschool Children ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition, August 1, 2009; 1(4): 197 - 204. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Taranta, A. Gianviti, A. Palma, V. De Luca, L. Mannucci, M. A. Procaccino, G. M. Ghiggeri, G. Caridi, D. Fruci, S. Ferracuti, et al. Genetic risk factors in typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2009; 24(6): 1851 - 1857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. J. Ten Harkel, K. Cransberg, M. Van Osch-Gevers, and J. Nauta Diastolic dysfunction in paediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis and after renal transplantation Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2009; 24(6): 1987 - 1991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Cadnapaphornchai, K. McFann, J. D. Strain, A. Masoumi, and R. W. Schrier Prospective Change in Renal Volume and Function in Children with ADPKD Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2009; 4(4): 820 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Steinberger, S. R. Daniels, R. H. Eckel, L. Hayman, R. H. Lustig, B. McCrindle, and M. L. Mietus-Snyder Progress and Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Circulation, February 3, 2009; 119(4): 628 - 647. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Hawkesworth, A. M Prentice, A. J. Fulford, and S. E Moore Maternal protein-energy supplementation does not affect adolescent blood pressure in The Gambia Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2009; 38(1): 119 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Langens, T. Dapper, R. Nuboer, C. van Weel, and J. van Binsbergen Co-morbidity obese children in family practice in The Netherlands: the results of a pilot study Fam. Pract., December 1, 2008; 25(suppl_1): i75 - i78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Pirkola, T Tammelin, A Bloigu, A Pouta, J Laitinen, A Ruokonen, P Tapanainen, M-R Jarvelin, and M Vaarasmaki Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at age 16 using the International Diabetes Federation paediatric definition Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 945 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M Franks, C. E O'Brien, C. D Stowe, T. G Wells, and S. F Gardner Candesartan Cilexetil Effectively Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Children Ann. Pharmacother., October 1, 2008; 42(10): 1388 - 1395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. Flouris, B. E. Faught, and P. Klentrou Cardiovascular disease risk in adolescent smokers: evidence of a `smoker lifestyle' J Child Health Care, September 1, 2008; 12(3): 221 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Urbina, B. Alpert, J. Flynn, L. Hayman, G. A. Harshfield, M. Jacobson, L. Mahoney, B. McCrindle, M. Mietus-Snyder, J. Steinberger, et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations for Standard Assessment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 433 - 451. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. H. Gallego, M. E Craig, S. Hing, and K. C Donaghue Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study BMJ, August 26, 2008; 337(aug26_1): a918 - a918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Carvalho, E. Johnson, M. Kozlosky, and A. O. Scheimann Clinical Profile of the Overweight Child in the New Millennium Clinical Pediatrics, June 1, 2008; 47(5): 476 - 482. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Denney-Wilson, L. L. Hardy, T. Dobbins, A. D. Okely, and L. A. Baur Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Australian Adolescents Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2008; 162(6): 566 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Simmonds and M Burch Shared care in paediatric heart transplantation Arch. Dis. Child. Ed. Pract., April 1, 2008; 93(2): 37 - 43. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Aggoun, N. J. Farpour-Lambert, L. M. Marchand, E. Golay, A. B.R. Maggio, and M. Beghetti Impaired endothelial and smooth muscle functions and arterial stiffness appear before puberty in obese children and are associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2008; 29(6): 792 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gulati, N. Prasad, R. K. Sharma, A. Kumar, A. Gupta, and V. P. Baburaj Tacrolimus: a new therapy for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2008; 23(3): 910 - 913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Chen, Y. Wang, L. J. Appel, and J. Mi Impacts of Measurement Protocols on Blood Pressure Tracking From Childhood Into Adulthood: A Metaregression Analysis Hypertension, March 1, 2008; 51(3): 642 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ou, D. S. Celermajer, O. Raisky, O. Jolivet, F. Buyens, A. Herment, D. Sidi, D. Bonnet, and E. Mousseaux Angular (Gothic) aortic arch leads to enhanced systolic wave reflection, central aortic stiffness, and increased left ventricular mass late after aortic coarctation repair: Evaluation with magnetic resonance flow mapping J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2008; 135(1): 62 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Amin, V. K. Somers, K. McConnell, P. Willging, C. Myer, M. Sherman, G. McPhail, A. Morgenthal, M. Fenchel, J. Bean, et al. Activity-Adjusted 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Cardiac Remodeling in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing Hypertension, January 1, 2008; 51(1): 84 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mir, Y. Tabel, and S. Darcan Is Presence of Hypertension in Obese Children Correlate with the Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome? J Trop Pediatr, December 1, 2007; 53(6): 424 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Johnston, C. Tyler, B. K. McFarlin, W. S.C. Poston, C. K. Haddock, R. Reeves, and J. P. Foreyt Weight Loss in Overweight Mexican American Children: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(6): e1450 - e1457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Utriainen, J. Jaaskelainen, J. Romppanen, and R. Voutilainen Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Premature Adrenarche J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2007; 92(11): 4282 - 4285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Velasquez-Mieyer, C. P. Neira, R. Nieto, and P. A. Cowan Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, October 1, 2007; 1(1): 61 - 81. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Raile, A. Galler, S. Hofer, A. Herbst, D. Dunstheimer, P. Busch, and R. W. Holl Diabetic Nephropathy in 27,805 Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Effect of diabetes duration, A1C, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes onset, and sex Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2523 - 2528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Falkner What Exactly Do the Trends Mean? Circulation, September 25, 2007; 116(13): 1437 - 1439. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P Garnett, L. A Baur, S. Srinivasan, J. W Lee, and C. T Cowell Body mass index and waist circumference in midchildhood and adverse cardiovascular disease risk clustering in adolescence Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 549 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Herbst, O. Kordonouri, K. O. Schwab, F. Schmidt, R. W. Holl, and on behalf of the DPV Initiative of the German Work Impact of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A multicenter study of 23,251 patients Diabetes Care, August 1, 2007; 30(8): 2098 - 2100. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lee, N. Gungor, F. Bacha, and S. Arslanian Insulin Resistance: Link to the components of the metabolic syndrome and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in youth Diabetes Care, August 1, 2007; 30(8): 2091 - 2097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Jankowski, A.-A. Meyer, P. Schlattmann, Y. Gui, X.-l. Zheng, I. Stamcou, K. Radtke, T. N. Anh Tran, M. van der Giet, M. Tolle, et al. Increased Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate Concentrations in Plasma of Juvenile Hypertensives Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2007; 27(8): 1776 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S Freedman, H. S Kahn, Z. Mei, L. M Grummer-Strawn, W. H Dietz, S. R Srinivasan, and G. S Berenson Relation of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2007; 86(1): 33 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A Kim, S. M. Kim, J. S. Lee, H. J. Oh, J. H. Han, Y. Song, H. Joung, and H. S. Park Dietary Patterns and the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adolescents: 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Diabetes Care, July 1, 2007; 30(7): 1904 - 1905. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N Prasad, S Gulati, R K Gupta, K Sharma, K Gulati, R K Sharma, and A Gupta Spectrum of radiological changes in hypertensive children with reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy Br. J. Radiol., June 1, 2007; 80(954): 422 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Coppo, L. Peruzzi, A. Amore, A. Piccoli, P. Cochat, R. Stone, M. Kirschstein, T. Linne, and on behalf of the EC Biomed Concerted Action Projec IgACE: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Children and Young People with IgA Nephropathy and Moderate Proteinuria J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2007; 18(6): 1880 - 1888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Hemachandra, P. P. Howards, S. L. Furth, and M. A. Klebanoff Birth Weight, Postnatal Growth, and Risk for High Blood Pressure at 7 Years of Age: Results From the Collaborative Perinatal Project Pediatrics, June 1, 2007; 119(6): e1264 - e1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D Flouris, C. H Canham, B. E Faught, and P. Klentrou Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk in Ontario adolescents Arch. Dis. Child., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 521 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Pilote, K. Dasgupta, V. Guru, K. H. Humphries, J. McGrath, C. Norris, D. Rabi, J. Tremblay, A. Alamian, T. Barnett, et al. A comprehensive view of sex-specific issues related to cardiovascular disease Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 13, 2007; 176(6): S1 - S44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. K. Golley, A. M. Magarey, L. A. Baur, K. S. Steinbeck, and L. A. Daniels Twelve-Month Effectiveness of a Parent-led, Family-Focused Weight-Management Program for Prepubertal Children: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, March 1, 2007; 119(3): 517 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chiolero, P. Bovet, G. Paradis, and F. Paccaud Has Blood Pressure Increased in Children in Response to the Obesity Epidemic? Pediatrics, March 1, 2007; 119(3): 544 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kelishadi, M. Sharifi, A. Khosravi, and K. Adeli Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers Among Young Persons 10-18 Years Old Clin. Chem., March 1, 2007; 53(3): 456 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ou, D. S. Celermajer, E. Mousseaux, A. Giron, Y. Aggoun, I. Szezepanski, D. Sidi, and D. Bonnet Vascular Remodeling After "Successful" Repair of Coarctation: Impact of Aortic Arch Geometry J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 27, 2007; 49(8): 883 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Huo, A. T. Steffen, K. Swan, K. Sikes, S. A. Weinzimer, and W. V. Tamborlane Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Retinopathy Screening in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, February 1, 2007; 30(2): 362 - 363. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Dasgupta, J. O'Loughlin, S. Chen, I. Karp, G. Paradis, J. Tremblay, P. Hamet, and L. Pilote Emergence of Sex Differences in Prevalence of High Systolic Blood Pressure: Analysis of a Longitudinal Adolescent Cohort Circulation, December 12, 2006; 114(24): 2663 - 2670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Savino, P. Pelliccia, C. Schiavone, A. Primavera, S. Tumini, A. Mohn, and F. Chiarelli Serum and Urinary Nitrites and Nitrates and Doppler Sonography in Children With Diabetes Diabetes Care, December 1, 2006; 29(12): 2676 - 2681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Ganesan, M. Prengler, A. Wade, and F. J. Kirkham Clinical and Radiological Recurrence After Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke Circulation, November 14, 2006; 114(20): 2170 - 2177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ou, E. Mousseaux, D. S. Celermajer, E. Pedroni, P. Vouhe, D. Sidi, and D. Bonnet Aortic arch shape deformation after coarctation surgery: effect on blood pressure response. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2006; 132(5): 1105 - 1111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Kaditis, E. I. Alexopoulos, F. Hatzi, E. Kostadima, M. Kiaffas, E. Zakynthinos, and K. Gourgoulianis Overnight change in brain natriuretic Peptide levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Chest, November 1, 2006; 130(5): 1377 - 1384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. K. Washburn, P. A. Nixon, and T. M. O'Shea Follow-up of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Postnatal Dexamethasone: Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Measurements at School Age Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1592 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Shankaran, A. Das, C. R. Bauer, H. Bada, B. Lester, L. Wright, R. Higgins, and K. Poole Fetal origin of childhood disease: intrauterine growth restriction in term infants and risk for hypertension at 6 years of age. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2006; 160(9): 977 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E Porter, A McKie, T J Beattie, J H McColl, N Aladangady, A Watt, and M P White Neonatal nephrocalcinosis: long term follow up Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., September 1, 2006; 91(5): F333 - F336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Flynn, M. C. Nahata, J. D. Mahan Jr, R. J. Portman, and for the PATH-2 Investigators Population pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in hypertensive children and adolescents. J. Clin. Pharmacol., August 1, 2006; 46(8): 905 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Sinha, R. MacLeod, E. Rigby, and A. G. B. Clark Treatment of severe steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) in children with tacrolimus Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2006; 21(7): 1848 - 1854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Larnkjaer, J. H. Christensen, K. F. Michaelsen, and L. Lauritzen Maternal Fish Oil Supplementation during Lactation Does Not Affect Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, or Heart Rate Variability in 2.5-y-old Children J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1539 - 1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. T. Wilson, L. Waters, C. C. Patterson, C. G. McCusker, N. M. Rooney, N. Marlow, and H. L. Halliday Neurodevelopmental and Respiratory Follow-up Results at 7 Years for Children From the United Kingdom and Ireland Enrolled in a Randomized Trial of Early and Late Postnatal Corticosteroid Treatment, Systemic and Inhaled (the Open Study of Early Corticosteroid Treatment). Pediatrics, June 1, 2006; 117(6): 2196 - 2205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Barlow and C. L. Ohlemeyer Parent Reasons for Nonreturn to a Pediatric Weight Management Program Clinical Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 45(4): 355 - 360. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Svensson, L. Nystrom, S. Schon, G. Dahlquist, and on behalf of the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Age at Onset of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and the Development of End-Stage Renal Disease: A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care, March 1, 2006; 29(3): 538 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Wood, M. Anno'riordan, B. A. Vogt, and M. R. Palmert Blood Pressure Measurement in Diabetes Clinic: Are we paying enough attention? Diabetes Care, March 1, 2006; 29(3): 743 - 744. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Heistein, C. Ramaciotti, W. A. Scott, M. Coursey, P. W. Sheeran, and M. S. Lemler Chloral Hydrate Sedation for Pediatric Echocardiography: Physiologic Responses, Adverse Events, and Risk Factors Pediatrics, March 1, 2006; 117(3): e434 - e441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. O. Schwab, J. Doerfer, W. Hecker, J. Grulich-Henn, D. Wiemann, O. Kordonouri, P. Beyer, R. W. Holl, and on behalf of the DPV Initiative of the German Work Spectrum and Prevalence of Atherogenic Risk Factors in 27,358 Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-sectional data from the German diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV) Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 218 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Monyeki, H. Kemper, and P. Makgae The association of fat patterning with blood pressure in rural South African children: the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 35(1): 114 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Esmaillzadeh, P. Mirmiran, and F. Azizi Clustering of metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2006; 83(1): 36 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U Herberg, W Gross, P Bartmann, C S Banek, K Hecher, and J Breuer Long term cardiac follow up of severe twin to twin transfusion syndrome after intrauterine laser coagulation Heart, January 1, 2006; 92(1): 95 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Leon, I. Koupil, V. Mann, T. Tuvemo, G. Lindmark, R. Mohsen, L. Byberg, and H. Lithell Fetal, Developmental, and Parental Influences on Childhood Systolic Blood Pressure in 600 Sib Pairs: The Uppsala Family Study Circulation, November 29, 2005; 112(22): 3478 - 3485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Sookoian, S I Garcia, P I Porto, G Dieuzeide, C D Gonzalez, and C J Pirola Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its coactivator-1 alpha may be associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 35(2): 373 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Nussinovitch, K. Elishkevitz, T. Rosenthal, and M. Nussinovitch Screening for Hypertension in High School Clinical Pediatrics, October 1, 2005; 44(8): 711 - 714. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C Burchell and C A Michie Blood pressure measurement in a district general paediatric A&E department Arch. Dis. Child., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 1097 - 1097. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Tabel, A. Berdeli, S. Mir, E. Serdaroglu, and E. Ytlmaz Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, September 1, 2005; 6(3): 138 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Y. Tuli and V. R. Dharnidharka Utility of Renal Imaging in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Obese Childhood Primary Hypertension Clinical Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 44(7): 589 - 592. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Catarsi, R. Ravazzolo, F. Emma, D. Fruci, L. Finos, A. Frau, G. Morreale, A. Carrea, and G. M. Ghiggeri Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) haplotypes and cyclosporine A (CsA) response: a model of the complex relationship between ACE quantitative trait locus and pathological phenotypes Hum. Mol. Genet., August 15, 2005; 14(16): 2357 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Weitzman, S. Cook, P. Auinger, T. A. Florin, S. Daniels, M. Nguyen, and J. P. Winickoff Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents Circulation, August 9, 2005; 112(6): 862 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Hirschler, C. Aranda, M. d. L. Calcagno, G. Maccalini, and M. Jadzinsky Can Waist Circumference Identify Children With the Metabolic Syndrome? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, August 1, 2005; 159(8): 740 - 744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. K. Jones and on behalf of the Collaborative Dexamethasone Trial Randomized, Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone in Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease: 13- to 17-Year Follow-up Study: II. Respiratory Status, Growth, and Blood Pressure Pediatrics, August 1, 2005; 116(2): 379 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Boyd, J. Koenigsberg, B. Falkner, S. Gidding, and S. Hassink Effect of Obesity and High Blood Pressure on Plasma Lipid Levels in Children and Adolescents Pediatrics, August 1, 2005; 116(2): 442 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Stan, E. Levy, E. E. Delvin, J. A. Hanley, B. Lamarche, J. O'Loughlin, G. Paradis, and M. Lambert Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1192 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Vogt, A. Kuhn, D. Baumgartner, C. Baumgartner, R. Busch, M. Kostolny, and J. Hess Impaired Elastic Properties of the Ascending Aorta in Newborns Before and Early After Successful Coarctation Repair: Proof of a Systemic Vascular Disease of the Prestenotic Arteries? Circulation, June 21, 2005; 111(24): 3269 - 3273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Rowan, H. Adrogues, A. Mathur, and D. Kamat Pediatric Hypertension: A Review for the Primary Care Provider Clinical Pediatrics, May 1, 2005; 44(4): 289 - 296. [PDF]

				J. Bergstein, J. Leiser, and S. Andreoli The Clinical Significance of Asymptomatic Gross and Microscopic Hematuria in Children Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 2005; 159(4): 353 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Lurbe, I. Torro, V. Alvarez, T. Nawrot, R. Paya, J. Redon, and J. A. Staessen Prevalence, Persistence, and Clinical Significance of Masked Hypertension in Youth Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 493 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. H. Jafar, M. Islam, N. Poulter, J. Hatcher, C. H. Schmid, A. S. Levey, and N. Chaturvedi Children in South Asia Have Higher Body Mass-Adjusted Blood Pressure Levels Than White Children in the United States: A Comparative Study Circulation, March 15, 2005; 111(10): 1291 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]