PEDIATRICS Vol. 98 No. 1 July 1996, pp. 135-140
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The Management of Opioid and Benzodiazepine Dependence in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

Myron Yaster MD1, Sabine Kost-Byerly MD1, Charles Berde MD2, and Carol Billet RN, MS3

1 Johns Hopkins Hospital, Departments of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD 21287
2 Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
3 Pediatric Pain Service, Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287

As physicians and nurses, we have a fundamental obligation to manage pain and relieve patient suffering as a crucial element of our professional commitment to patient care.1,2 These are not merely lofty ideals; effective pain management produces a myriad patient benefits including reduced morbidity and mortality, early mobilization, and shortened hospital stay.3

Historically, children were undertreated for pain and for painful procedures because of the common wisdom that children neither responded to, nor remembered, painful experiences to the same degree that adults did. This is simply untrue. We now know that even neonates experience pain and that all children, even the critically ill, respond to noxious stimuli with biochemical and physiologic stress responses that if untreated can lead to increased patient morbidity and mortality.4,5

Submitted on December 8, 1994
Accepted on August 29, 1995




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